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case_locative [2022/02/02 22:32] – [Locative cases] morgoth | case_locative [2022/11/28 19:31] – [Adessive case] morgoth | ||
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====== Locative cases ====== | ====== Locative cases ====== | ||
- | [[Nûrlâm]] has a group of [[grammar_case|grammatical cases]] intended for marking locations and directions of movement. They are collectively called **// | + | [[Nûrlâm]] has a group of [[grammar_case|grammatical cases]] intended for marking locations and directions of movement |
{{page> | {{page> | ||
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English and many other languages has confusing rules on using prepositions indicating position. In Nûrlâm they are used only literally according to the summary table above (except some abstract nouns). So the usage of locative words may differ from English. For example, if you want say "He lives in Mordor", | English and many other languages has confusing rules on using prepositions indicating position. In Nûrlâm they are used only literally according to the summary table above (except some abstract nouns). So the usage of locative words may differ from English. For example, if you want say "He lives in Mordor", | ||
- | Unlike other languages, locative words never express time in Nûrlâm, but some [[adpositions# | + | Unlike other languages, locative words never express time in Nûrlâm, but some [[adpositions# |
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* from the top of object, like falling: "He fell off the cliff" = " | * from the top of object, like falling: "He fell off the cliff" = " | ||
* from outside of object: "He came out of this place" = " | * from outside of object: "He came out of this place" = " | ||
- | * old owner of direct object, including taking off objects (clothes, tools, weapons) from body or hands to other surfaces or persons: "I took ring off his body" = " | + | * old owner of direct object, including taking off objects (clothes, tools, weapons) from body or hands to other surfaces or persons: "I took ring off his body" = " |
* long distance from object (including static position) together with postposition " | * long distance from object (including static position) together with postposition " | ||
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* motion of subject without leaving the surface (or top) of the object: "A louse is crawling on my skin" = "Ash abh smûghâ daft**ir** dab"; | * motion of subject without leaving the surface (or top) of the object: "A louse is crawling on my skin" = "Ash abh smûghâ daft**ir** dab"; | ||
* location on the road, street (including address), shore, bank of the river, etc.: "He lives on the streets" | * location on the road, street (including address), shore, bank of the river, etc.: "He lives on the streets" | ||
- | * position on the level/floor of the building or dungeon: " | + | * position on the level/floor of the building or dungeon: " |
* position in close proximity of the object, together with postposition " | * position in close proximity of the object, together with postposition " | ||
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* the same with further clarification or accentuation with postposition " | * the same with further clarification or accentuation with postposition " | ||
* place of work: "I work in the stone pits" = "Dabul gundronk**or**"; | * place of work: "I work in the stone pits" = "Dabul gundronk**or**"; | ||
+ | * in expressions like "good at", " | ||
* with impersonal constructions of possession like "There are 6 teeth in Gollum' | * with impersonal constructions of possession like "There are 6 teeth in Gollum' | ||
* to express location that is part of bigger object (similar to previous example): "with hate in his heart" = " | * to express location that is part of bigger object (similar to previous example): "with hate in his heart" = " | ||
- | Inessive case is **not** used for indicating purpose or receiving a benefit ("in order to" - gerundive; "in memory of", "in loving memory" | + | Inessive case is **not** used for indicating purpose or receiving a benefit ("in order to" |
===== Intrative case ===== | ===== Intrative case ===== |