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case_instrumental [2020/12/10 23:16] – [Instrumental case] morgoth | case_instrumental [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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* to indicate instrument of an action: "I cut the tree with an axe" = " | * to indicate instrument of an action: "I cut the tree with an axe" = " | ||
- | * to indicate the agent of passive action expressed by passive [[grammar_participle|participle]] ("The tree was cut by me" = "Ornum grishaga da__rzi__" | + | * to indicate the agent of passive action expressed by passive [[grammar_participle|participle]] |
- | * locative function denoting motion through the object or some media ("they came by the sea" = "Takskâtuz dot__irzi__" | + | |
* make distributive numerals: "one by one" = "ash ash__irzi__", | * make distributive numerals: "one by one" = "ash ash__irzi__", | ||
- | * used together with prepositions " | + | * locative function denoting motion through the object |
Instrumental case is **not** used when translating preposition " | Instrumental case is **not** used when translating preposition " | ||
- | * locative function with stationary meaning " | + | * locative function with stationary meaning " |
+ | * to denote ending of an action before/by some time -- Accusative case is used together with prepositions " | ||
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===== Instrumental vs. Comitative case ===== | ===== Instrumental vs. Comitative case ===== | ||
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