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case_instrumental [2020/08/31 10:24] – [Instrumental vs. Comitative case] morgoth | case_instrumental [2022/04/24 12:49] – [Instrumental case] morgoth | ||
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====== Instrumental case ====== | ====== Instrumental case ====== | ||
**// | **// | ||
- | * to indicate instrument of an action | + | * to indicate instrument of an action: "I cut the tree with an axe" = " |
- | * to indicate the agent of passive action expressed by passive [[grammar_participle|participle]] ("The tree was cut by me"). This function was borrowed from archaic | + | * to indicate the agent of passive action expressed by passive [[grammar_participle|participle]] |
- | * locative function denoting motion through the object or some media ("they came by the sea"), may be further clarified by adding postposition " | + | * make distributive numerals: "one by one" = "ash ash__irzi__", |
- | * make distributive numerals ("one by one", | + | * locative function denoting motion through the object or some media ("they came by the sea" = " |
- | * used together with prepositions " | + | |
Instrumental case is **not** used when translating preposition " | Instrumental case is **not** used when translating preposition " | ||
- | * locative function with stationary meaning " | + | * locative function with stationary meaning " |
+ | * to denote ending of an action before/by some time -- Accusative case is used together with prepositions " | ||
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===== Instrumental vs. Comitative case ===== | ===== Instrumental vs. Comitative case ===== | ||
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