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--- angband_orcish [2022/02/10 14:00] – external edit 127.0.0.1
+++ angband_orcish [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== First Age Orcish ======
-**//Angband Orcish//** (often [[abbreviations|abbreviated]] as "AO") is an //unofficial// name for language spoken by orcs of Morgoth prior to creation of [[Black Speech]] in the 2nd Age. The term was probably invented by Anthony Appleyard. Angband was the citadel constructed by Morgoth during Years of the Trees, and Sauron was the commander there. So it's //possible// that some words of 1st age orcish were borrowed into his Black Speech, as the name Boldog appeared both in 1st and 3rd age. However, in Tolkien's sources this language was called just "orcish" or "//Orquin//":
+**//Angband Orcish//** (often [[abbreviations|abbreviated]] as "AO") is an //unofficial// name for language spoken by orcs of Morgoth prior to creation of [[Black Speech]] in the 2nd Age. The term was probably invented by Anthony Appleyard, a member of the Tolkien Society and contributor to Quettar journal. Angband was the citadel constructed by Morgoth during Years of the Trees, and Sauron was the commander there. So it's //possible// that some words of 1st age orcish were borrowed into his Black Speech, as the name Boldog appeared both in 1st and 3rd age. However, in Tolkien's sources this language was called just "orcish" or "//Orquin//":
   Orquin, or Orquian, the language of the Orcs,
   the soldiers and creatures of Morgoth,
@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 **Cons:** some other names are clearly pure Elvish origin.
-\\ **2.** Some orcish words of 1st age do not have clear etymology from elvish languages like "oghor" (Drúedain) or differ more than other orcish word of that time, like "golug" and "othrod" (see table above). While Tolkien removed Orcish from tree of languages, it is still mentioned in Appendix F of LOTR. Therefore existence of Orcish language(s) which differ(s) from Elvish is confirmed.
+\\ **2.** Some orcish words of 1st age do not have clear etymology from elvish languages like "oghor" (Drúedain) or differ more than other orcish words of that time, like "golug" and "othrod" (see table above). While Tolkien removed Orcish from the tree of languages, it is still mentioned in Appendix F of LOTR. Therefore existence of Orcish language(s) which differ(s) from Elvish is confirmed.
 \\ **3.** Some names and their parts occur both in 1st age an 3rd age: Goth**mog** (1st age Balrog, 3rd age Nazgul) and Gaz**mog** (3rd age orc),  **Gor**gol (1st age) and **Gor**bag (3rd age), **Lug** (1st age) and **Lug**bûrz, **Lug**dush, **Lug**horn (3rd age) -- meaning of "lug" is different in ages but may be connected. Suffix "-hai" in names of races and nations is also found throughout the ages.

Nûrlâm –Black Speech dialect wiki

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Nûrlâm –
Black Speech
dialect wiki