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angband_orcish [2020/01/26 12:30] – [First Age Orcish] morgothangband_orcish [2023/09/07 19:38] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ====== First Age Orcish ====== ====== First Age Orcish ======
-**//Angband Orcish//** (often [[abbreviations|abbreviated]] as "AO") is an //unofficial// name for language spoken by orcs of Morgoth prior to creation of Black Speech in the 2nd age. Angband was the citadel constructed by Morgoth during Years of the Trees, and Sauron was the commander there. So it's //possible// that some words of 1st age orcish were borrowed into his Black Speech, as the name Boldog appeared both in 1st and 3rd age. However, in Tolkien's sources this language was called just "orcish" or "//Orquin//":+**//Angband Orcish//** (often [[abbreviations|abbreviated]] as "AO") is an //unofficial// name for language spoken by orcs of Morgoth prior to creation of [[Black Speech]] in the 2nd Age. The term was probably invented by Anthony Appleyard, a member of the Tolkien Society and contributor to Quettar journal. Angband was the citadel constructed by Morgoth during Years of the Trees, and Sauron was the commander there. So it's //possible// that some words of 1st age orcish were borrowed into his Black Speech, as the name Boldog appeared both in 1st and 3rd age. However, in Tolkien's sources this language was called just "orcish" or "//Orquin//":
   Orquin, or Orquian, the language of the Orcs,   Orquin, or Orquian, the language of the Orcs,
   the soldiers and creatures of Morgoth,   the soldiers and creatures of Morgoth,
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 ===== Angband Orcish and Black Speech ===== ===== Angband Orcish and Black Speech =====
-One may ask, why to include words into black speech from Angband Orcish, which is unrelated language. Majority of linguists consider orcish names from 1st age as Sindarin. A. Appleyard who used the term "Angband Orkish" (attested "golug", "-hai", "oghor") counted names as Elvish except "Gothmog" (which **is** Elvish origin). But there will be shown some arguments on separating early Orcish from Sindarin and some inheritance of that language in Black Speech. Author is aware of some possible contradictions, so they are present too.+One may ask, why to include words into black speech from Angband Orcish, which is unrelated language. Majority of linguists consider orcish names from 1st age as Sindarin. Anthony Appleyard who used the term "Angband Orkish" (attested "golug", "-hai", "oghor") counted names as Elvish except "Gothmog" (which **is** Elvish origin). But there will be shown some arguments on separating early Orcish from Sindarin and some inheritance of that language in Black Speech. Author is aware of some possible contradictions, so they are present too.
  
 **1.** Many orcish names differ from standard Sindarin words: **1.** Many orcish names differ from standard Sindarin words:
 ^ AO or BS ^ Proper Sindarin/Noldorin ^ Sindarin translations ^ Comments ^ ^ AO or BS ^ Proper Sindarin/Noldorin ^ Sindarin translations ^ Comments ^
-| Balrog | S.: Bâl-raug | Demon of might,\\ Power Demon | |+| Balrog | S.: Bâl-raug | Demon of might,\\ Power Demon | It was initially intended to be a pure Orcish word, but was quickly changed into Noldorin with elvish etymology |
 | Boldog | S. & N.: Baul-daug | Torment warrior | "daug" as "warrior" is used mostly regarding orc and other evil creatures, Noldorin translation is "slayer", thus even more evil deed. More common Sindarin word for "warrior" is "maethor" | | Boldog | S. & N.: Baul-daug | Torment warrior | "daug" as "warrior" is used mostly regarding orc and other evil creatures, Noldorin translation is "slayer", thus even more evil deed. More common Sindarin word for "warrior" is "maethor" |
 | :::    | N.: Balc-daug\\ S.: Balch-daug | Cruel slayer | ::: | | :::    | N.: Balc-daug\\ S.: Balch-daug | Cruel slayer | ::: |
 | golug | S. & N.: golodh | Noldo elf, one of the wise folk | from same root ÑGOL as "gûl" | | golug | S. & N.: golodh | Noldo elf, one of the wise folk | from same root ÑGOL as "gûl" |
-| Gor- in names Gorbag, Gorgol | Etym.: GOR | violence, impetus, haste | looks like "gor-" in orcish names means "violent" rather than other words. Sindarin words for "violence" are "breged" (n), "violent" – "ascar", "bregol" (also "sudden"), "bregaul" (archaic) |+| Gor- in names Gorbag, Gorgol | Etym.: GOR | violence, impetus, haste | looks like "gor-" in orcish names means "violent" rather than other words. Sindarin words for "violence" are "breged" (n), "violent" -- "ascar", "bregol" (also "sudden"), "bregaul" (archaic) |
 | :::    | S.: gorn | hasty, vigorous, impetuous | ::: | | :::    | S.: gorn | hasty, vigorous, impetuous | ::: |
 | :::    | S.: gorf | impetus | ::: | | :::    | S.: gorf | impetus | ::: |
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 **Cons:** some other names are clearly pure Elvish origin. **Cons:** some other names are clearly pure Elvish origin.
  
-\\ **2.** Some orcish words of 1st age do not have clear etymology from elvish languages like "oghor" (Drúedain) or differ more than other orcish word of that time, like "golug" and "othrod" (see table above). While Tolkien removed Orcish from tree of languages, it is still mentioned in Appendix F of LOTR. Therefore existence of Orcish language(s) which differ(s) from Elvish is confirmed.+\\ **2.** Some orcish words of 1st age do not have clear etymology from elvish languages like "oghor" (Drúedain) or differ more than other orcish words of that time, like "golug" and "othrod" (see table above). While Tolkien removed Orcish from the tree of languages, it is still mentioned in Appendix F of LOTR. Therefore existence of Orcish language(s) which differ(s) from Elvish is confirmed.
  
-\\ **3.** Some names and their parts occur both in 1st age an 3rd age: Goth**mog** (1st age Balrog, 3rd age Nazgul) and Gaz**mog** (3rd age orc),  **Gor**gol (1st age) and **Gor**bag (3rd age), **Lug** (1st age) and **Lug**bûrz, **Lug**dush, **Lug**horn (3rd age) – meaning of "lug" is different in ages but may be connected. Suffix "-hai" in names of races and nations is also found throughout the ages.+\\ **3.** Some names and their parts occur both in 1st age an 3rd age: Goth**mog** (1st age Balrog, 3rd age Nazgul) and Gaz**mog** (3rd age orc),  **Gor**gol (1st age) and **Gor**bag (3rd age), **Lug** (1st age) and **Lug**bûrz, **Lug**dush, **Lug**horn (3rd age) -- meaning of "lug" is different in ages but may be connected. Suffix "-hai" in names of races and nations is also found throughout the ages.
  
 **Cons:** both "Gothmogs" are not orcish names, "Gazmog" was dismissed, "Gorbag" may be from "Gorb + ag", explanation for connecting different meanings of "Lug" is just a speculation. **Cons:** both "Gothmogs" are not orcish names, "Gazmog" was dismissed, "Gorbag" may be from "Gorb + ag", explanation for connecting different meanings of "Lug" is just a speculation.
angband_orcish.1580031015.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/09/07 14:45 (external edit)
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