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lexicon:people
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Wordlist: People
This page will contain list of words for individuals, groups of people, degree of kinship (relatives), personal pronouns and animated pronouns.
| English | Nûrlâm | Part of speech | Etymology | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (all) by himself | îmarz | expr | NL, adverb from “îm” | |
| (all) by myself | îmarz | expr | NL, adverb from “îm” | |
| (social) class | rank | n | NL < LOS “rak” (family, clan, relatives, class) < SV; modified to avoid confusion with MERP (stream) and to make connection with LOS “krank” (father), “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” (to gather) from fictional proto-word “skrinkht” (see corresponding articles); compare also with Qenya “rendi” (kinship, kin, kindred, clan) and “resta” (support; kinship, kin, kindred, clan), “soresta” (family); accidental cognate with English “rank” | uncountable, only collective / plural |
| ? | shar | n | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Sharkû”, a nickname of Saruman amongst the orcs. Translated as “old man”. | |
| ? | shara | n | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Sharkû”, a nickname of Saruman amongst the orcs. Translated as “old man”. EL, RV “shara” (human) | |
| ? | shark | n | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Sharkû”, a nickname of Saruman amongst the orcs. Translated as “old man”. compare with “tark” | |
| all | ûk | pro | TK, CBS, DBS, LOTR, RI, OC, PN “Uglúk” | |
| ancestor | bhûkrank | n | see “bhû”, “krank” | |
| another | isk | pro | NL, merging Quenya “exë” + LOS “izg” (I) | used as part of other indefinite pronouns and adverbs |
| any | kon | pro | SV (anyone, anything, someone, anybody, somebody, somewhat) | used as part of some other indefinite pronouns; used only in declarative sentences, see “makon” for interrogative and dubitative modalities |
| any people | haikon | pro | NL, see “hai”, “kon” | only in Colloquial speech; use unanimated “ashkon” in Standard Nûrlâm |
| anybody | haikon | pro | NL, see “hai”, “kon” | only in Colloquial speech; use unanimated “ashkon” in Standard Nûrlâm |
| anybody else | haisk | pro | NL, see “hai”, “isk” | only in Colloquial speech; use unanimated “ashisk” in Standard Nûrlâm |
| anyone | haikon | pro | NL, see “hai”, “kon” | only in Colloquial speech; use unanimated “ashkon” in Standard Nûrlâm |
| anyone else | haisk | pro | NL, see “hai”, “isk” | only in Colloquial speech; use unanimated “ashisk” in Standard Nûrlâm |
| aristocratic | ard | adj | NL < Quenya “arata”, “arta”, Sindarin “arod”; compare with “arn” (king) | High-born |
| army | khoth | n | DS (PO) “kʰotʰ” < Etym. (not in LR) “KHOT” [2] (strive, quarrel); IMO Etym. “KHOT(H)” [1] (to gather, together in confusion, jumble) is also nice; compare with Sindarin “hoth” (horde, host) | |
| arrange | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
| assembly | shrak | n | all major dialects < SV NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | set noun |
| bachelor | fând | n | LOS, HG (only female) | in NL virgin of any gender |
| band | lurg | n | SV, MERP (squad), ZA (group, band) | usually about warriors or bandits; set noun |
| barbarian | raghal | n | NL < “ragh” (wild) | uncivilized people |
| beggar | hasauk | n | NL < LOS “has-” (cf.) + SV suffix “-auk” | person who asks for money |
| beggar | hau | n | LOS | poor; person without possessions |
| boy | ghon | n | merging NL “gan” (man, male) < Etym. “GHAN”, Quenya “hanu” with NL “nond”, “nonk” (boy, son) and with Hurrian “hāni” (child) | about age and gender |
| boy | nond | n | NL, merging “nonk” (boy) with Quenya “yondo” (son, boy), “-ion” (son of) | more about family relation |
| boy | nonk | n | NL < Gnomish “nogin” | |
| bring up | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
| brother | honk | n | NL < Sindarin “honeg”, “hawn”, Quenya “háno” | |
| by themselves | îmarz | expr | NL, adverb from “îm” | |
| cannibal | zarg | n | NL < Qenya “sarqin(di)” (a race of cannibal ogres in BOLT) | |
| carrion | mârsh | n | NL < SV “marsh” < MERP; changed to avoid confusion with question particle “mar” | dead flesh, rotten meat; uncountable |
| casualties | dogauk | n | from TK “dog-” (to slay, cf.) + suffix “-auk” | |
| celibate | fând | n | LOS, HG (only female) | in NL virgin of any gender |
| champion | maurd | n | NL, merging “mau” (warrior) with Qenya “mordo” (warrior, hero) < early Primitive Elvish “mau̯ard” (shepherd) | |
| character (book) | shra | n | LOS, SV < EL “shara” (human) < TK “sharkû” (old man) | person of any race |
| cherish | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
| child | dâg | n | LOS, compare with SV & MERP “dagalush” (small imp, goblin) and “dâgalûr” (demon) | about age о возрасте |
| child | khind | n | NL < Adûnaic “-hin” (child, patronymic suffix), also Quenya “hin”, Sindarin “hên” < Primitive Elvish “khīnā”; also Hurrian “ḫan”, “χan”, “han” (give birth, beget, child) ; also Qenya “hilu” (son), Gnomish “hiltha” (youth), “hilm” (offspring) < Primitive Elvish “χilþē” (youth); probably a lingustic play on English “child”, “kid” and “kin”; see also LOS “hil-” (to follow) | may refer both to age and degree of kinship |
| children | dâg | n | LOS, compare with SV & MERP “dagalush” (small imp, goblin) and “dâgalûr” (demon) | about age о возрасте |
| children | khind | n | NL < Adûnaic “-hin” (child, patronymic suffix), also Quenya “hin”, Sindarin “hên” < Primitive Elvish “khīnā”; also Hurrian “ḫan”, “χan”, “han” (give birth, beget, child) ; also Qenya “hilu” (son), Gnomish “hiltha” (youth), “hilm” (offspring) < Primitive Elvish “χilþē” (youth); probably a lingustic play on English “child”, “kid” and “kin”; see also LOS “hil-” (to follow) | may refer both to age and degree of kinship |
| civil | klimb | adj | NL < Qenya “kalimbo” (a savage, uncivilized man, barbarian, monster, giant, troll, goblin), Gnomish “calum(oth)” | |
| civil | narmauhûrz | adj | NL, see “nar”, “mauh” | opposite of “military” |
| civilized | klimb | adj | NL < Qenya “kalimbo” (a savage, uncivilized man, barbarian, monster, giant, troll, goblin), Gnomish “calum(oth)” | |
| clan | rank | n | NL < LOS “rak” (family, clan, relatives, class) < SV; modified to avoid confusion with MERP (stream) and to make connection with LOS “krank” (father), “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” (to gather) from fictional proto-word “skrinkht” (see corresponding articles); compare also with Qenya “rendi” (kinship, kin, kindred, clan) and “resta” (support; kinship, kin, kindred, clan), “soresta” (family); accidental cognate with English “rank” | uncountable, only collective / plural |
| classify | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
| cling together | gragh- | v | NL, see “gragh” (n) | intransitive |
| clumsy | nalz | adj | HG (also “stupid”) < SV “baknalgûrz” (lit. “back-handy”) | |
| cognate | nur | n | LOS (relation) < MB, LOS (family) < SV (related to) (adj); compare with Noldorin “gwanur” (kinsman, kinswoman), “noss” (clan, family, house); Qenya “nosse” (folk, kin, people); Middle-Quenya “onóre” (kinsman, brother), “onóne” (kinswoman, sister), “nosse” (clan, family, house); Quenya “nos(së)” (kindred, family); all from Etym. “NŌ” (beget) | blood relation; singular, plural and group; singular may be clarified with articles |
| collection | shrak | n | all major dialects < SV NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | set noun |
| come across | hog- | v | HG < SV “hogg”; compare also with Qenya “hos(se)”, Noldorin “hoth” (host, crowd) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather) | |
| come together | hog- | v | HG < SV “hogg”; compare also with Qenya “hos(se)”, Noldorin “hoth” (host, crowd) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather) | |
| community | shahai | n | NL < TK “sha” + TK “hai”, lit. “together-people” | |
| companion | shauk | n | LOS “shaûk” (companion) < HG; lit. “with all” | |
| company | shalk | n | LOS, HG (only “group”) < SV | set noun |
| comrade | shauk | n | LOS “shaûk” (companion) < HG; lit. “with all” | |
| consort | fir | n | NL < Quenya “veru” (married pair) < Etym. “BES” (to wed); compare with Old English “fere” | |
| couple | fir | n | NL < Quenya “veru” (married pair) < Etym. “BES” (to wed); compare with Old English “fere” | |
| crowd | hait | n | NL, merging TK “hai” with Noldorin “hoth”, Quenya “hosto” < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather) | set noun |
| cultured | klimb | adj | NL < Qenya “kalimbo” (a savage, uncivilized man, barbarian, monster, giant, troll, goblin), Gnomish “calum(oth)” | |
| daddy | krank | n | LOS | more like “parent”, “ancestor”, but these meanings may be clarified with suffix “bhû-” |
| dame | dûr | adj | NL < LOS “dur” (big, large) < Sindarin “daer” (large, great), SV “dur” (head of smth.); TK “durb-” (to rule); LOS “târ” (high, tall) < Quenya “tára”; Etym. “TĀ/TAƷ” (high, loft, noble), “TUR” (power, mastery) | polite honorific address, female version should be accompanied with suffix “-niz”; refers to lesser rank than “mâkh” (lord) (cf.); may be used as clitic |
| daughter | nind | n | NL, merging “niz” (woman) with “nond” (son) and Quenya “yen(de)” (daughter), “-ien” (daughter of) | more about family relation |
| each | ûgh | pro | LOS < HG “ûgh-” (to suffice), probably from TK “-ûk” (completely, fully, totally) | used as part of other indefinite pronouns and adverbs |
| either | kon | pro | SV (anyone, anything, someone, anybody, somebody, somewhat) | used as part of some other indefinite pronouns; used only in declarative sentences, see “makon” for interrogative and dubitative modalities |
| either | ûgh | pro | LOS < HG “ûgh-” (to suffice), probably from TK “-ûk” (completely, fully, totally) | used as part of other indefinite pronouns and adverbs |
| emperor | durbal | n | NL < EL “durub” < TK “durbat” (to rule); Qenya “tára”, “táro”, Noldorin “taur”, “tor-”, “-dor” < Etym. “T”, “TAƷ” (high, loft, noble) + Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery) | high-king of all people, supreme leader |
| enemy | goth | n | TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, Silm., PN “Gothmog”, PN “Morgoth”; Noldorin < Etym. “KOTH” (enemy); see also “kuth” | this translation comes from Sindarin, but orcs probably replaced it with “lord, master” |
| enemy | kuth | n | NL < Sindarin “coth”, “cûd”, “gud”, Noldorin “goth” as in PN “Morgoth” (Black Enemy) < Etym. “KOTH”, “KOT”; changed to avoid confusion with other translations of “goth” | |
| every | ûgh | pro | LOS < HG “ûgh-” (to suffice), probably from TK “-ûk” (completely, fully, totally) | used as part of other indefinite pronouns and adverbs |
| everybody | hai-ûgh | pro | NL, see “hai”, “ûgh” | only in Colloquial speech; use unanimated “ashûgh” in Standard Nûrlâm |
| everyone | hai-ûgh | pro | NL, see “hai”, “ûgh” | only in Colloquial speech; use unanimated “ashûgh” in Standard Nûrlâm |
| family | nur | n | LOS (relation) < MB, LOS (family) < SV (related to) (adj); compare with Noldorin “gwanur” (kinsman, kinswoman), “noss” (clan, family, house); Qenya “nosse” (folk, kin, people); Middle-Quenya “onóre” (kinsman, brother), “onóne” (kinswoman, sister), “nosse” (clan, family, house); Quenya “nos(së)” (kindred, family); all from Etym. “NŌ” (beget) | blood relation; singular, plural and group; singular may be clarified with articles |
| family | rank | n | NL < LOS “rak” (family, clan, relatives, class) < SV; modified to avoid confusion with MERP (stream) and to make connection with LOS “krank” (father), “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” (to gather) from fictional proto-word “skrinkht” (see corresponding articles); compare also with Qenya “rendi” (kinship, kin, kindred, clan) and “resta” (support; kinship, kin, kindred, clan), “soresta” (family); accidental cognate with English “rank” | uncountable, only collective / plural |
| father | krank | n | LOS | more like “parent”, “ancestor”, but these meanings may be clarified with suffix “bhû-” |
| favorite | brogbauk | n | NL < “brogb-” (cf.) with suffix “-auk” | |
| favourite | brogbauk | n | NL < “brogb-” (cf.) with suffix “-auk” | |
| fellow | shauk | n | LOS “shaûk” (companion) < HG; lit. “with all” | |
| fellowship | shaukurm | n | LOS “shaûk” (companion) < HG; lit. “with all” | |
| female | niz | n, suffix | NL < Quenya “nís” (noun “woman”) | “feminizer” suffix as “-ess” or “she-” |
| few | mupsh | pro | LOS < MB | |
| few | mûd | pro | HG (“some”), probably from LOS, MB “mupsh” | used as part of other indefinite pronouns and adverbs |
| flock | gragh- | v | NL, see “gragh” (n) | intransitive |
| foe | goth | n | TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, Silm., PN “Gothmog”, PN “Morgoth”; Noldorin < Etym. “KOTH” (enemy); see also “kuth” | this translation comes from Sindarin, but orcs probably replaced it with “lord, master” |
| foe | kuth | n | NL < Sindarin “coth”, “cûd”, “gud”, Noldorin “goth” as in PN “Morgoth” (Black Enemy) < Etym. “KOTH”, “KOT”; changed to avoid confusion with other translations of “goth” | |
| folk | hai | suffix | TK, CBS, AO, LOTR, UT; ? Adûnaic suffix “-lâi” (folk) < Quenya “lië” (people), Sindarin “lî”, Early Noldorin “lhai” (folk, host, people) < Primitive Elvish “LΔ; compare also with Qenya “hos(se)”, Noldorin “hoth” (host, crowd) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather) | used in names of races as whole like “uruk-hai”, “olog-hai” etc. |
| forefather | bhûkrank | n | see “bhû”, “krank” | |
| forgather | gragh- | v | NL, see “gragh” (n) | intransitive |
| foster | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
| foster (child) | gimbauk | n | see “gimb-” | |
| foundling | gimbauk | n | see “gimb-” | |
| friend | shauk | n | LOS “shaûk” (companion) < HG; lit. “with all” | |
| gang | lurg | n | SV, MERP (squad), ZA (group, band) | usually about warriors or bandits; set noun |
| gather | hog- | v | HG < SV “hogg”; compare also with Qenya “hos(se)”, Noldorin “hoth” (host, crowd) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather) | |
| gather | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
| gathering | shrak | n | all major dialects < SV NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | set noun |
| get together | hog- | v | HG < SV “hogg”; compare also with Qenya “hos(se)”, Noldorin “hoth” (host, crowd) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather) | |
| girl | nind | n | NL, merging “niz” (woman) with “nond” (son) and Quenya “yen(de)” (daughter), “-ien” (daughter of) | more about family relation |
| girl | nizd | n | NL, merging “niz”, “nind” with Quenya “nettë”, Sindarin “neth” (diminutive girl, daughter, sister) | more about age |
| god | Balmâgz | n | see “bal”, “mâgz” | epithetic name, lit. “lords or divine power” |
| group | brun | n | LOS < MB, in HG also “committee” | working group |
| group | lurg | n | SV, MERP (squad), ZA (group, band) | usually about warriors or bandits; set noun |
| group | shalk | n | LOS, HG (only “group”) < SV | set noun |
| group | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
| hang together | gragh- | v | NL, see “gragh” (n) | intransitive |
| he | ta | pro | EL “tak” (they), all major dialects, from Etym. “TA” (that), Qenya “ta” (that, it), replaced in later Quenya | Standard: any 3rd person singular pronoun, standalone and subject clitic; Colloquial: 3rd person singular masculine pronoun (“he”) |
| her | an | pro | NL < Hurrian absolutive 3rd singular clitic “-n(na)” | Standard: any 3rd person singular objective enclitic pronoun; Colloquial: not used |
| hero | maurd | n | NL, merging “mau” (warrior) with Qenya “mordo” (warrior, hero) < early Primitive Elvish “mau̯ard” (shepherd) | |
| herr | dûr | adj | NL < LOS “dur” (big, large) < Sindarin “daer” (large, great), SV “dur” (head of smth.); TK “durb-” (to rule); LOS “târ” (high, tall) < Quenya “tára”; Etym. “TĀ/TAƷ” (high, loft, noble), “TUR” (power, mastery) | polite honorific address, female version should be accompanied with suffix “-niz”; refers to lesser rank than “mâkh” (lord) (cf.); may be used as clitic |
| herself | îm | pro | NL < Quenya “immo” | may be used as prefix “self-” |
| high (status) | ard | adj | NL < Quenya “arata”, “arta”, Sindarin “arod”; compare with “arn” (king) | High-born |
| him | an | pro | NL < Hurrian absolutive 3rd singular clitic “-n(na)” | Standard: any 3rd person singular objective enclitic pronoun; Colloquial: not used |
| himself | îm | pro | NL < Quenya “immo” | may be used as prefix “self-” |
| hobo | gabauk | n | HG “gab-” (to wander) + suffix “-auk” | |
| hold together | gragh- | v | NL, see “gragh” (n) | intransitive |
| horde | hurm | n | NL, merging Qenya “horma” with Sindarin “hoth” < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather, assmebly); see also “khoth”, “hog-”, “-hai” | set noun |
| host | hurm | n | NL, merging Qenya “horma” with Sindarin “hoth” < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather, assmebly); see also “khoth”, “hog-”, “-hai” | set noun |
| husband | fir | n | NL < Quenya “veru” (married pair) < Etym. “BES” (to wed); compare with Old English “fere” | |
| I | da | pro | HG “da”; compare with Urartian ending “-də” of intransitive verb in 1st person singular | Standard: 1st person singular pronoun, standalone and subject clitic; Colloquial: 1st person singular pronoun, standalone only |
| I | izg | pro | LOS, compare with Quenya “inyë” | standalone pronoun in Colloquial Nûrlâm only |
| in the name of | îzan | prep | merging NL “îz” with LOS “zan” | use with objects in genitive case |
| it | an | pro | NL < Hurrian absolutive 3rd singular clitic “-n(na)” | Standard: any 3rd person singular objective enclitic pronoun; Colloquial: not used |
| it | ta | pro | EL “tak” (they), all major dialects, from Etym. “TA” (that), Qenya “ta” (that, it), replaced in later Quenya | Standard: any 3rd person singular pronoun, standalone and subject clitic; Colloquial: 3rd person singular masculine pronoun (“he”) |
| it | za | pro | SV < EL | standalone pronoun, only in Colloquial Nûrlâm |
| itself | îm | pro | NL < Quenya “immo” | may be used as prefix “self-” |
| keep together | gragh- | v | NL, see “gragh” (n) | intransitive |
| kid | khind | n | NL < Adûnaic “-hin” (child, patronymic suffix), also Quenya “hin”, Sindarin “hên” < Primitive Elvish “khīnā”; also Hurrian “ḫan”, “χan”, “han” (give birth, beget, child) ; also Qenya “hilu” (son), Gnomish “hiltha” (youth), “hilm” (offspring) < Primitive Elvish “χilþē” (youth); probably a lingustic play on English “child”, “kid” and “kin”; see also LOS “hil-” (to follow) | may refer both to age and degree of kinship |
| kin | nur | n | LOS (relation) < MB, LOS (family) < SV (related to) (adj); compare with Noldorin “gwanur” (kinsman, kinswoman), “noss” (clan, family, house); Qenya “nosse” (folk, kin, people); Middle-Quenya “onóre” (kinsman, brother), “onóne” (kinswoman, sister), “nosse” (clan, family, house); Quenya “nos(së)” (kindred, family); all from Etym. “NŌ” (beget) | blood relation; singular, plural and group; singular may be clarified with articles |
| kindred | nur | n | LOS (relation) < MB, LOS (family) < SV (related to) (adj); compare with Noldorin “gwanur” (kinsman, kinswoman), “noss” (clan, family, house); Qenya “nosse” (folk, kin, people); Middle-Quenya “onóre” (kinsman, brother), “onóne” (kinswoman, sister), “nosse” (clan, family, house); Quenya “nos(së)” (kindred, family); all from Etym. “NŌ” (beget) | blood relation; singular, plural and group; singular may be clarified with articles |
| king | arn | n | NL < various elvish “aran”, “âr” as in PN “Aragorn” < Etym. “GHAR”, “GAR” (hold, have, possess) | king of region |
| king | durbal | n | NL < EL “durub” < TK “durbat” (to rule); Qenya “tára”, “táro”, Noldorin “taur”, “tor-”, “-dor” < Etym. “T”, “TAƷ” (high, loft, noble) + Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery) | high-king of all people, supreme leader |
| kinsman | nur | n | LOS (relation) < MB, LOS (family) < SV (related to) (adj); compare with Noldorin “gwanur” (kinsman, kinswoman), “noss” (clan, family, house); Qenya “nosse” (folk, kin, people); Middle-Quenya “onóre” (kinsman, brother), “onóne” (kinswoman, sister), “nosse” (clan, family, house); Quenya “nos(së)” (kindred, family); all from Etym. “NŌ” (beget) | blood relation; singular, plural and group; singular may be clarified with articles |
| lad | nonk | n | NL < Gnomish “nogin” | |
| lady | dûr | adj | NL < LOS “dur” (big, large) < Sindarin “daer” (large, great), SV “dur” (head of smth.); TK “durb-” (to rule); LOS “târ” (high, tall) < Quenya “tára”; Etym. “TĀ/TAƷ” (high, loft, noble), “TUR” (power, mastery) | polite honorific address, female version should be accompanied with suffix “-niz”; refers to lesser rank than “mâkh” (lord) (cf.); may be used as clitic |
| leadership | dughurm | n | HG “dugh-” (to lead); compare with “duke” | uncountable |
| losses | dogauk | n | from TK “dog-” (to slay, cf.) + suffix “-auk” | |
| lot | lurg | n | SV, MERP (squad), ZA (group, band) | usually about warriors or bandits; set noun |
| lubber | nalzauk | n | NL, see “nalz” | a clumsy, lazy, stupid or inexperienced person; army slang word for newbies |
| madam | dûr | adj | NL < LOS “dur” (big, large) < Sindarin “daer” (large, great), SV “dur” (head of smth.); TK “durb-” (to rule); LOS “târ” (high, tall) < Quenya “tára”; Etym. “TĀ/TAƷ” (high, loft, noble), “TUR” (power, mastery) | polite honorific address, female version should be accompanied with suffix “-niz”; refers to lesser rank than “mâkh” (lord) (cf.); may be used as clitic |
| maiden | fând | n | LOS, HG (only female) | in NL virgin of any gender |
| maiden | nizd | n | NL, merging “niz”, “nind” with Quenya “nettë”, Sindarin “neth” (diminutive girl, daughter, sister) | more about age |
| majority | marm | n | NL, SV “mâm” (mostly, most) (adv) + NL abstract suffix “-urm” | set noun – if used together with noun, then noun should be in genitive case; uncountable |
| male | nor | n | NL < Etym. “DER”, “NDER” + merge with “nond”, “nonk” (boy) | male of any race |
| man | nor | n | NL < Etym. “DER”, “NDER” + merge with “nond”, “nonk” (boy) | male of any race |
| man | shra | n | LOS, SV < EL “shara” (human) < TK “sharkû” (old man) | person of any race |
| mate | fir | n | NL < Quenya “veru” (married pair) < Etym. “BES” (to wed); compare with Old English “fere” | |
| me | iz | pro | NL < LOS “-izg”, ZB “-ish” (1st person exclusive clitic pronoun in absolutive case) < Hurrian standalone 1st person singular pronoun “ishte”, DS “-(i)z” (1st singular person suffix) | Standard: 1st person singular objective enclitic pronoun; Colloquial: not used |
| meet | hog- | v | HG < SV “hogg”; compare also with Qenya “hos(se)”, Noldorin “hoth” (host, crowd) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather) | |
| member (of party) | brunal | n | NL, see “brun” | |
| miss | dûr | adj | NL < LOS “dur” (big, large) < Sindarin “daer” (large, great), SV “dur” (head of smth.); TK “durb-” (to rule); LOS “târ” (high, tall) < Quenya “tára”; Etym. “TĀ/TAƷ” (high, loft, noble), “TUR” (power, mastery) | polite honorific address, female version should be accompanied with suffix “-niz”; refers to lesser rank than “mâkh” (lord) (cf.); may be used as clitic |
| mister | dûr | adj | NL < LOS “dur” (big, large) < Sindarin “daer” (large, great), SV “dur” (head of smth.); TK “durb-” (to rule); LOS “târ” (high, tall) < Quenya “tára”; Etym. “TĀ/TAƷ” (high, loft, noble), “TUR” (power, mastery) | polite honorific address, female version should be accompanied with suffix “-niz”; refers to lesser rank than “mâkh” (lord) (cf.); may be used as clitic |
| mistress | dûr | adj | NL < LOS “dur” (big, large) < Sindarin “daer” (large, great), SV “dur” (head of smth.); TK “durb-” (to rule); LOS “târ” (high, tall) < Quenya “tára”; Etym. “TĀ/TAƷ” (high, loft, noble), “TUR” (power, mastery) | polite honorific address, female version should be accompanied with suffix “-niz”; refers to lesser rank than “mâkh” (lord) (cf.); may be used as clitic |
| mob | hait | n | NL, merging TK “hai” with Noldorin “hoth”, Quenya “hosto” < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather) | set noun |
| mommy | krankniz | n | LOS “krank” + NL “niz”, see corresponding articles | |
| most | marm | n | NL, SV “mâm” (mostly, most) (adv) + NL abstract suffix “-urm” | set noun – if used together with noun, then noun should be in genitive case; uncountable |
| mother | krankniz | n | LOS “krank” + NL “niz”, see corresponding articles | |
| myself | îm | pro | NL < Quenya “immo” | may be used as prefix “self-” |
| name | yaz | n | DS < Quenya “essë” | also verb |
| name | îz | n | NL < Quenya “essë” < Etym. “ES-” (to indicate name) | |
| newbie | nalzauk | n | NL, see “nalz” | a clumsy, lazy, stupid or inexperienced person; army slang word for newbies |
| no one | narai | pro | NL, see “nar” and “hai” | only in Colloquial speech |
| noble | ard | adj | NL < Quenya “arata”, “arta”, Sindarin “arod”; compare with “arn” (king) | High-born |
| nobody | narai | pro | NL, see “nar” and “hai” | only in Colloquial speech |
| non-military | narmauhûrz | adj | NL, see “nar”, “mauh” | opposite of “military” |
| none | nar | pro | NL < AN < TK, DBS, LOTR (untranslated interjection of disagreement) | used to make other indefinite pronouns and adverbs |
| noob | nalzauk | n | NL, see “nalz” | a clumsy, lazy, stupid or inexperienced person; army slang word for newbies |
| nourish | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
| nouveau riche | ardauk | n | NL < “ard” (noble) + derogatory agentive suffux “-auk” | |
| nurse | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
| nurture | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
| offal | mârsh | n | NL < SV “marsh” < MERP; changed to avoid confusion with question particle “mar” | dead flesh, rotten meat; uncountable |
| offspring | yun | n | DS | |
| on her own | îmarz | expr | NL, adverb from “îm” | |
| on his own | îmarz | expr | NL, adverb from “îm” | |
| on it's own | îmarz | expr | NL, adverb from “îm” | |
| on they own | îmarz | expr | NL, adverb from “îm” | |
| one | ash | # | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Hurrian “she”? | often used as indefinite article (a, an); as standard Nûrlâm lacks grammar category of number, it denotes singular, because nouns are plural by default |
| opponent | kuth | n | NL < Sindarin “coth”, “cûd”, “gud”, Noldorin “goth” as in PN “Morgoth” (Black Enemy) < Etym. “KOTH”, “KOT”; changed to avoid confusion with other translations of “goth” | |
| order | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
| organize | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
| other | isk | pro | NL, merging Quenya “exë” + LOS “izg” (I) | used as part of other indefinite pronouns and adverbs |
| ourselves | îm | pro | NL < Quenya “immo” | may be used as prefix “self-” |
| parent | krank | n | LOS | more like “parent”, “ancestor”, but these meanings may be clarified with suffix “bhû-” |
| parent | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
| partner | shauk | n | LOS “shaûk” (companion) < HG; lit. “with all” | |
| party | brun | n | LOS < MB, in HG also “committee” | working group |
| party | shalk | n | LOS, HG (only “group”) < SV | set noun |
| people | hai | suffix | TK, CBS, AO, LOTR, UT; ? Adûnaic suffix “-lâi” (folk) < Quenya “lië” (people), Sindarin “lî”, Early Noldorin “lhai” (folk, host, people) < Primitive Elvish “LΔ; compare also with Qenya “hos(se)”, Noldorin “hoth” (host, crowd) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather) | used in names of races as whole like “uruk-hai”, “olog-hai” etc. |
| person | shra | n | LOS, SV < EL “shara” (human) < TK “sharkû” (old man) | person of any race |
| polite | klimb | adj | NL < Qenya “kalimbo” (a savage, uncivilized man, barbarian, monster, giant, troll, goblin), Gnomish “calum(oth)” | |
| poor | hau | n | LOS | poor; person without possessions |
| public | hait | n | NL, merging TK “hai” with Noldorin “hoth”, Quenya “hosto” < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather) | set noun |
| rabble | lurg | n | SV, MERP (squad), ZA (group, band) | usually about warriors or bandits; set noun |
| race | hai | suffix | TK, CBS, AO, LOTR, UT; ? Adûnaic suffix “-lâi” (folk) < Quenya “lië” (people), Sindarin “lî”, Early Noldorin “lhai” (folk, host, people) < Primitive Elvish “LΔ; compare also with Qenya “hos(se)”, Noldorin “hoth” (host, crowd) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather) | used in names of races as whole like “uruk-hai”, “olog-hai” etc. |
| raise (children) | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
| relatives | nur | n | LOS (relation) < MB, LOS (family) < SV (related to) (adj); compare with Noldorin “gwanur” (kinsman, kinswoman), “noss” (clan, family, house); Qenya “nosse” (folk, kin, people); Middle-Quenya “onóre” (kinsman, brother), “onóne” (kinswoman, sister), “nosse” (clan, family, house); Quenya “nos(së)” (kindred, family); all from Etym. “NŌ” (beget) | blood relation; singular, plural and group; singular may be clarified with articles |
| relatives | rank | n | NL < LOS “rak” (family, clan, relatives, class) < SV; modified to avoid confusion with MERP (stream) and to make connection with LOS “krank” (father), “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” (to gather) from fictional proto-word “skrinkht” (see corresponding articles); compare also with Qenya “rendi” (kinship, kin, kindred, clan) and “resta” (support; kinship, kin, kindred, clan), “soresta” (family); accidental cognate with English “rank” | uncountable, only collective / plural |
| rookie | nalzauk | n | NL, see “nalz” | a clumsy, lazy, stupid or inexperienced person; army slang word for newbies |
| ruler | durbal | n | NL < EL “durub” < TK “durbat” (to rule); Qenya “tára”, “táro”, Noldorin “taur”, “tor-”, “-dor” < Etym. “T”, “TAƷ” (high, loft, noble) + Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery) | high-king of all people, supreme leader |
| Saruman | Sharkû | n | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN; lit. “Old Man” | a moniker of Saruman |
| savage | raghal | n | NL < “ragh” (wild) | uncivilized people |
| self | îm | pro | NL < Quenya “immo” | may be used as prefix “self-” |
| set | shrak | n | all major dialects < SV NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | set noun |
| several | mupsh | pro | LOS < MB | |
| several | mûd | pro | HG (“some”), probably from LOS, MB “mupsh” | used as part of other indefinite pronouns and adverbs |
| Sharkey | Sharkû | n | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN; lit. “Old Man” | a moniker of Saruman |
| she | na | pro | SV | standalone pronoun, only in Colloquial Nûrlâm |
| she | ta | pro | EL “tak” (they), all major dialects, from Etym. “TA” (that), Qenya “ta” (that, it), replaced in later Quenya | Standard: any 3rd person singular pronoun, standalone and subject clitic; Colloquial: 3rd person singular masculine pronoun (“he”) |
| she- | niz | n, suffix | NL < Quenya “nís” (noun “woman”) | “feminizer” suffix as “-ess” or “she-” |
| sibling | honk | n | NL < Sindarin “honeg”, “hawn”, Quenya “háno” | |
| single-handedly | îmarz | expr | NL, adverb from “îm” | |
| Sir | dûr | adj | NL < LOS “dur” (big, large) < Sindarin “daer” (large, great), SV “dur” (head of smth.); TK “durb-” (to rule); LOS “târ” (high, tall) < Quenya “tára”; Etym. “TĀ/TAƷ” (high, loft, noble), “TUR” (power, mastery) | polite honorific address, female version should be accompanied with suffix “-niz”; refers to lesser rank than “mâkh” (lord) (cf.); may be used as clitic |
| sister | honkniz | n | NL < Sindarin “honeg”, “hawn”, Quenya “háno” + feminizer suffix “-niz” | |
| slain | dogauk | n | from TK “dog-” (to slay, cf.) + suffix “-auk” | |
| snob | ardauk | n | NL < “ard” (noble) + derogatory agentive suffux “-auk” | |
| society | shahai | n | NL < TK “sha” + TK “hai”, lit. “together-people” | |
| some | mupsh | pro | LOS < MB | |
| some | mûd | pro | HG (“some”), probably from LOS, MB “mupsh” | used as part of other indefinite pronouns and adverbs |
| some people | haimûd | pro | NL, see “hai”, “mûd” | only in Colloquial speech; use unanimated “ashmûd” in Standard Nûrlâm |
| somebody | haimûd | pro | NL, see “hai”, “mûd” | only in Colloquial speech; use unanimated “ashmûd” in Standard Nûrlâm |
| somebody else | haisk | pro | NL, see “hai”, “isk” | only in Colloquial speech; use unanimated “ashisk” in Standard Nûrlâm |
| someone | haimûd | pro | NL, see “hai”, “mûd” | only in Colloquial speech; use unanimated “ashmûd” in Standard Nûrlâm |
| someone else | haisk | pro | NL, see “hai”, “isk” | only in Colloquial speech; use unanimated “ashisk” in Standard Nûrlâm |
| son | ghon | n | merging NL “gan” (man, male) < Etym. “GHAN”, Quenya “hanu” with NL “nond”, “nonk” (boy, son) and with Hurrian “hāni” (child) | about age and gender |
| son | nond | n | NL, merging “nonk” (boy) with Quenya “yondo” (son, boy), “-ion” (son of) | more about family relation |
| sort | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
| spawn | yun | n | DS | |
| spouse | fir | n | NL < Quenya “veru” (married pair) < Etym. “BES” (to wed); compare with Old English “fere” | |
| squad | lurg | n | SV, MERP (squad), ZA (group, band) | usually about warriors or bandits; set noun |
| stand together | gragh- | v | NL, see “gragh” (n) | intransitive |
| stick together | gragh- | v | NL, see “gragh” (n) | intransitive |
| thee | am | pro | NL < Hurrian absolutive 2nd singular clitic “-m(ma)” | Standard: 2nd person singular objective enclitic pronoun; Colloquial: not used |
| them | ul | pro | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Hurrian “-lla” | Objective case of 3rd person pronouns “tak”, “ulû” (they) |
| themselves | îm | pro | NL < Quenya “immo” | may be used as prefix “self-” |
| these (people) | zahai | pro | NL < “za” + “hai” (see corresponding articles) | only in Colloquial speech |
| they | tak | pro | SV < EL, from Etym. “TA” (that), Qenya “ta” (that, it), replaced in later Quenya; also “those” in LOS and HG; also “them” in SV, ON and HG | Standard: 3rd person plural pronoun, standalone and subject clitic; Colloquial: 3rd person plural pronoun, standalone only |
| they | ulû | pro | NL < TK “ul” + regular plural suffix “-û” < LOS “ulu” | standalone pronoun, only in Colloquial Nûrlâm |
| those (people) | zîghai | pro | NL < “zîg” + “hai” (see corresponding articles) | only in Colloquial speech |
| thou | fi | pro | NL < Gnomish singular “fi” + Hurrian standalone singular “fe” | Standard: 2nd person singular pronoun, standalone and subject clitic; Colloquial: 2nd person singular pronoun, standalone only |
| thou | lat | pro | AN, all; compare with Quenya “-lyë”, “-llë”, “-ldë”, “ellë”, “le” | standalone pronoun in Colloquial Nûrlâm only |
| throng | hait | n | NL, merging TK “hai” with Noldorin “hoth”, Quenya “hosto” < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather) | set noun |
| tramper | gabauk | n | HG “gab-” (to wander) + suffix “-auk” | |
| tribe | hai | suffix | TK, CBS, AO, LOTR, UT; ? Adûnaic suffix “-lâi” (folk) < Quenya “lië” (people), Sindarin “lî”, Early Noldorin “lhai” (folk, host, people) < Primitive Elvish “LΔ; compare also with Qenya “hos(se)”, Noldorin “hoth” (host, crowd) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather) | used in names of races as whole like “uruk-hai”, “olog-hai” etc. |
| troop | lurg | n | SV, MERP (squad), ZA (group, band) | usually about warriors or bandits; set noun |
| urchin | nonk | n | NL < Gnomish “nogin” | |
| us | ak | pro | NL < ZB “-ak” (1st person inclusive clitic pronoun in absolutive case) | 1st person plural objective enclitic pronoun, only in Standard language |
| vagabond | gabauk | n | HG “gab-” (to wander) + suffix “-auk” | |
| vagrant | gabauk | n | HG “gab-” (to wander) + suffix “-auk” | |
| Vala® | Balmâgz | n | see “bal”, “mâgz” | epithetic name, lit. “lords or divine power” |
| virgin | fând | n | LOS, HG (only female) | in NL virgin of any gender |
| we | da | pro | HG “da”; compare with Urartian ending “-də” of intransitive verb in 1st person singular | Standard: 1st person singular pronoun, standalone and subject clitic; Colloquial: 1st person singular pronoun, standalone only |
| we | dak | pro | HG “dak”, in analogy with 3rd person “ta” – “tak” | Standard: 1st person plural pronoun, standalone and subject clitic; Colloquial: 1st person plural pronoun, standalone only |
| we | izgû | pro | NL < LOS “izgu” | standalone pronoun in Colloquial Nûrlâm only |
| whether | maikon | pro | NL, see “mai”, “kon” | only in Colloquial speech; only with interrogative (questions) and dubitative moods |
| which | amai | pro | NL < LOS “mash” + TK “hai” (see corresponding articles) | only in colloquial speeh; only relative pronoun; see “mai” for question particle |
| which? | mai | pro | NL < LOS “mash” + TK “hai” (see corresponding articles) | only in colloquial speeh; only interrogative pronoun (in questions); see “amai” for relative counterpart |
| whichever | maikon | pro | NL, see “mai”, “kon” | only in Colloquial speech; only with interrogative (questions) and dubitative moods |
| who | amai | pro | NL < LOS “mash” + TK “hai” (see corresponding articles) | only in colloquial speeh; only relative pronoun; see “mai” for question particle |
| who? | mai | pro | NL < LOS “mash” + TK “hai” (see corresponding articles) | only in colloquial speeh; only interrogative pronoun (in questions); see “amai” for relative counterpart |
| whoever | maikon | pro | NL, see “mai”, “kon” | only in Colloquial speech; only with interrogative (questions) and dubitative moods |
| wife | firniz | n | NL, see “fir”, “niz” | |
| woman | niz | n, suffix | NL < Quenya “nís” (noun “woman”) | “feminizer” suffix as “-ess” or “she-” |
| ye | gi | pro | NL < Gnomish “gwe” (pl.), DS “ki” < Adûnaic “ki” & Qenya “ke” (sing.), DS “gi” (your) | Standard: 2nd person plural pronoun, standalone and subject clitic; Colloquial: 2nd person plural pronoun, standalone only |
| ye | latû | pro | NL < LOS “latu” | standalone pronoun in Colloquial Nûrlâm only |
| you | af | pro | NL < Hurrian absolutive 2nd plural clitic “-f(fa)” | 2nd person plural objective enclitic pronoun, only in Standard language |
| you | am | pro | NL < Hurrian absolutive 2nd singular clitic “-m(ma)” | Standard: 2nd person singular objective enclitic pronoun; Colloquial: not used |
| you | fi | pro | NL < Gnomish singular “fi” + Hurrian standalone singular “fe” | Standard: 2nd person singular pronoun, standalone and subject clitic; Colloquial: 2nd person singular pronoun, standalone only |
| you | gi | pro | NL < Gnomish “gwe” (pl.), DS “ki” < Adûnaic “ki” & Qenya “ke” (sing.), DS “gi” (your) | Standard: 2nd person plural pronoun, standalone and subject clitic; Colloquial: 2nd person plural pronoun, standalone only |
| you (pl.) | latû | pro | NL < LOS “latu” | standalone pronoun in Colloquial Nûrlâm only |
| you (sing.) | lat | pro | AN, all; compare with Quenya “-lyë”, “-llë”, “-ldë”, “ellë”, “le” | standalone pronoun in Colloquial Nûrlâm only |
| youngster | ghon | n | merging NL “gan” (man, male) < Etym. “GHAN”, Quenya “hanu” with NL “nond”, “nonk” (boy, son) and with Hurrian “hāni” (child) | about age and gender |
| yourself | îm | pro | NL < Quenya “immo” | may be used as prefix “self-” |
Individuals
| English | Nûrlâm | Part of speech | Etymology | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Groups
| English | Nûrlâm | Part of speech | Etymology | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Kinship
| English | Nûrlâm | Part of speech | Etymology | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Pronouns
As the Nûrlâm has complex system of pronouns please consult the corresponding pages for the correct usage:
See also
- Quantity (as this category contains some indefinit pronouns)
lexicon/people.txt · Last modified: 2023/09/07 19:38 by 127.0.0.1
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