Wordlist: Ownership

This page will contain list of words related to private property, possession of objects and their transferring to other persons including trade and barter. These words may be similar to hand actions.

English	Nûrlâm	Part of speech	Etymology	Comments
(hidden) cache	shkalamb	n	NL, lit. “hiding chamber”; see “shkal-”, “amb”
abandon	hôgh-	v	NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-”
abandon	rang-	v	DS
accept	bhûl-	v	LOS	more about thoughts than material objects
acquire	nânt-	v	LOS (LUG); compare with Quenya “nan-” (back again)	get from somebody; not for translating expression “have got”
acquire	snab-	v	NL < DS PO “snaba-” < Gnomish “nab-” (to take, lay hold of), “nabos” (seizure)	get with some effort; not for translating expression “have got”
action	bild	n	NL < rejected Qenya “vilde” (matter, business, affair, thing) < early Primitive Elvish root “VḶÐḶ” (worth, value); also distantly connected with “bal” (might)	mostly plural “affairs”, “actions”, etc.
activity	bild	n	NL < rejected Qenya “vilde” (matter, business, affair, thing) < early Primitive Elvish root “VḶÐḶ” (worth, value); also distantly connected with “bal” (might)	mostly plural “affairs”, “actions”, etc.
affair	bild	n	NL < rejected Qenya “vilde” (matter, business, affair, thing) < early Primitive Elvish root “VḶÐḶ” (worth, value); also distantly connected with “bal” (might)	mostly plural “affairs”, “actions”, etc.
alignment	tingurm	n	NL, see “ting”	uncountable
array	homb	n	NL < Neo-Quenya “cómë” (computer file, document) < roots “KOM” (to gather, collect), “KOMO” (ball, roll); compare with NL “hog-” (to meet, gather) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather); compare with Sindarin “mae govannen” (well met) < “cova” (to come together, meet, gather, assemble); compare with Quenya “comya” (to collect), “ócom” (to gather, assemble)
article	barg	n	NL < Noldorin “bach”, Gnomish “bagri” < Primitive Elvish “mbakhā” < Etym. “MBAKH” (to exchange); compare with ZA “bakh” of same origin	a thing for trade or exchange
attain	snab-	v	NL < DS PO “snaba-” < Gnomish “nab-” (to take, lay hold of), “nabos” (seizure)	get with some effort; not for translating expression “have got”
ban	bhaud-	v	NL, merging Sindarin “boda” < Etym. “AB”, ”ABA” (refuse) with NL “bhau” (terrible) and NL “dabh” (allow) written reversed < Etym. “DAB”
bargain	kurb-	v	NL, merging LOS “quûr-” (to trade), “quûrub” (trade) with Qenya “qapa” (swap, barter, chaffer, bargain), “qapta” (to exchange)
barter	kurb-	v	NL, merging LOS “quûr-” (to trade), “quûrub” (trade) with Qenya “qapa” (swap, barter, chaffer, bargain), “qapta” (to exchange)
be deprived (of)	bûf-	v	NL < MB, LOS “brûf”, SV & HG “buf”
bear (smth.)	throg-	v	NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat)	may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство
being	kûl	n	HG
belong	aud-	v	NL < Quenya “aura” (possession, thing owned) < “auda” < root “AW”	use with object in Dative case; cannot be passive
belonging	thaud	n	NL, merging “aud-” and “than” (see articles)	uncountable
bestow	throg-	v	NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat)	may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство
bet (on)	fadr-	v	NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise)
bijouterie	nîd	n	NL < Quenya “netil”	cheap jewelry, little thing of personal adornment
bill	homb	n	NL < Neo-Quenya “cómë” (computer file, document) < roots “KOM” (to gather, collect), “KOMO” (ball, roll); compare with NL “hog-” (to meet, gather) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather); compare with Sindarin “mae govannen” (well met) < “cova” (to come together, meet, gather, assemble); compare with Quenya “comya” (to collect), “ócom” (to gather, assemble)
bind	krimp-	v	TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “remba” (to net, entrap)
booty	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
borrow	zaugd	n	NL, merging LOS, HG “zaug” (debt) < SV (all 3 dialects have homonyms) with rejected Quenya “rohta”, “luhta” (debt, trespass)
boss	mâgz	n	NL < Vanyarin Quenya “Máhani” (eight greatest of Valar) < Valarin “mâchanumâz” (authorities); compare with Qenya “makte” (hold, grip, power, possession) < Primitive Elvish “MAHA” (grasp), “MAGH” (handle, manage, control); compare with “mauh” (warrior) and “mak” (many)
bounty	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
bring (by force)	thrak-	v	TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Etym. “TUK-” (bring, draw); Hurrian “thar-ik-” (to demand someone to send something)
business	bild	n	NL < rejected Qenya “vilde” (matter, business, affair, thing) < early Primitive Elvish root “VḶÐḶ” (worth, value); also distantly connected with “bal” (might)	mostly plural “affairs”, “actions”, etc.
buy	tûz-	v	SV
cage	daur	n	HG
capture	dik-	v	LOS
cast	af-	v	LOS
cast-off	hôghûrz	adj	NL, adj. from “hôgh-”
catalog	homb	n	NL < Neo-Quenya “cómë” (computer file, document) < roots “KOM” (to gather, collect), “KOMO” (ball, roll); compare with NL “hog-” (to meet, gather) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather); compare with Sindarin “mae govannen” (well met) < “cova” (to come together, meet, gather, assemble); compare with Quenya “comya” (to collect), “ócom” (to gather, assemble)
catalogue	homb	n	NL < Neo-Quenya “cómë” (computer file, document) < roots “KOM” (to gather, collect), “KOMO” (ball, roll); compare with NL “hog-” (to meet, gather) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather); compare with Sindarin “mae govannen” (well met) < “cova” (to come together, meet, gather, assemble); compare with Quenya “comya” (to collect), “ócom” (to gather, assemble)
chaffer	kurb-	v	NL, merging LOS “quûr-” (to trade), “quûrub” (trade) with Qenya “qapa” (swap, barter, chaffer, bargain), “qapta” (to exchange)
chief	mâgz	n	NL < Vanyarin Quenya “Máhani” (eight greatest of Valar) < Valarin “mâchanumâz” (authorities); compare with Qenya “makte” (hold, grip, power, possession) < Primitive Elvish “MAHA” (grasp), “MAGH” (handle, manage, control); compare with “mauh” (warrior) and “mak” (many)
coin	draug	n	LOS
comply	bûrt-	v	NL, merging Noldorin “buia” < Etym. “BEW” (follow, serve) with Qenya “virt” (servant, slave) < Primitive Elvish root “VṚTYṚ” and with SV “obâsh-”	requires object in Dative case
conquer	paik-	v	NL < Qenya “apaika”, “apaira”, “apaitya” (conquer-) < QL stem “PAÝA” (punish, take vengeance, conquer, subdue)
conquer	thudurb-	v	NL, lit. “over-rule”, calque from Noldorin “ortur”
constrain	durb-	v	TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “tur” (to control, govern, wield) < Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery, victory)
constraining	durburm	n	NL, see “durb-”	uncountable
control	durb-	v	TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “tur” (to control, govern, wield) < Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery, victory)
control	durburm	n	NL, see “durb-”	uncountable
control	gazg-	v	NL < MERP “gazog-”	mostly about weapon or tool, implies the subject do it skillfully
cost	brâgh	n	HG (only “price”); compare with Neo-Sindarin “bauch” < early Noldorin “bog”
country	uzg	n	EL, all major DBS dialects	country, land as ownership
deadwood (slang)	hôghûrz	adj	NL, adj. from “hôgh-”
debt	zaugd	n	NL, merging LOS, HG “zaug” (debt) < SV (all 3 dialects have homonyms) with rejected Quenya “rohta”, “luhta” (debt, trespass)
defeat	faik-	v	NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish)
deficit	pon	n	NL < Sindarin, Quenya “pen” (to not have)	uncountable, set noun
delay	unudh-	v	LOS (only “detain”) < HG	to prevent action temporarily
delete	shosh-	v	NL < SV “shoshog-” < MERP (to raze)
deprive	bhalt-	v	NL < Gnomish “balt-” (to rid, free)	take away object from another person
desert	rang-	v	DS
detain	unudh-	v	LOS (only “detain”) < HG	to prevent action temporarily
dingbats	nîd	n	NL < Quenya “netil”	cheap jewelry, little thing of personal adornment
discard	hôgh-	v	NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-”
discover	gimb-	v	TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “hir-”; ? Quenya “tuv-”; ? Hurrian “ki(b)-” (take, gather)
dominate	durb-	v	TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “tur” (to control, govern, wield) < Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery, victory)
domination	durburm	n	NL, see “durb-”	uncountable
doodad	nîd	n	NL < Quenya “netil”	cheap jewelry, little thing of personal adornment
drag	thrak-	v	TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Etym. “TUK-” (bring, draw); Hurrian “thar-ik-” (to demand someone to send something)
drop	gumb-	v	HG < SV
earn	gamb-	v	NL < Gnomish “gama”, “gamma”, “gamba” (to gain, profit, increase, to be profitable, bring in revenue)	get paid for work, get reward
emperor	durbal	n	NL < EL “durub” < TK “durbat” (to rule); Qenya “tára”, “táro”, Noldorin “taur”, “tor-”, “-dor” < Etym. “TÂ”, “TAƷ” (high, loft, noble) + Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery)	high-king of all people, supreme leader
encroach	rogd-	v	NL < Quenya “rohta”	object describing the location should be in Allative case
endow	throg-	v	NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat)	may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство
enslave	norg-	v	NL < Qenya “norka” (slave, thrall, servant) < Primitive Elvish “norokā́” merged with LOS “nork-” (to take)
enthrall	norg-	v	NL < Qenya “norka” (slave, thrall, servant) < Primitive Elvish “norokā́” merged with LOS “nork-” (to take)
erase	shosh-	v	NL < SV “shoshog-” < MERP (to raze)
exchange	kurb-	v	NL, merging LOS “quûr-” (to trade), “quûrub” (trade) with Qenya “qapa” (swap, barter, chaffer, bargain), “qapta” (to exchange)
exploit	mogr-	v	NL < TK “mog” (tyrant, oppressor) < PN “Gothmog” < Etym. “MBAW”
fetch	brash-	v	SV (ZF)	get without active actions; not for translating expression “have got”, “it's getting …”
file	homb	n	NL < Neo-Quenya “cómë” (computer file, document) < roots “KOM” (to gather, collect), “KOMO” (ball, roll); compare with NL “hog-” (to meet, gather) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather); compare with Sindarin “mae govannen” (well met) < “cova” (to come together, meet, gather, assemble); compare with Quenya “comya” (to collect), “ócom” (to gather, assemble)
find	gimb-	v	TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “hir-”; ? Quenya “tuv-”; ? Hurrian “ki(b)-” (take, gather)
flotsam and jetsam	hôghûrz	adj	NL, adj. from “hôgh-”
forbid	bhaud-	v	NL, merging Sindarin “boda” < Etym. “AB”, ”ABA” (refuse) with NL “bhau” (terrible) and NL “dabh” (allow) written reversed < Etym. “DAB”
force	durb-	v	TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “tur” (to control, govern, wield) < Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery, victory)
forfeit	bûf-	v	NL < MB, LOS “brûf”, SV & HG “buf”
forsake	rang-	v	DS
free	slig-	v	NL < DS “silig-” (to let, release, loose), probably from Etym. “LEK” (loose, let loose, release)
gadget	nîd	n	NL < Quenya “netil”	cheap jewelry, little thing of personal adornment
gain	brash-	v	SV (ZF)	get without active actions; not for translating expression “have got”, “it's getting …”
gain	gamb-	v	NL < Gnomish “gama”, “gamma”, “gamba” (to gain, profit, increase, to be profitable, bring in revenue)	get paid for work, get reward
get	brash-	v	SV (ZF)	get without active actions; not for translating expression “have got”, “it's getting …”
get	nânt-	v	LOS (LUG); compare with Quenya “nan-” (back again)	get from somebody; not for translating expression “have got”
get	snab-	v	NL < DS PO “snaba-” < Gnomish “nab-” (to take, lay hold of), “nabos” (seizure)	get with some effort; not for translating expression “have got”
get rid of	shosh-	v	NL < SV “shoshog-” < MERP (to raze)
gift	thrân	n	NL, merging “thrak-”, “throg-” with Quenya “anna”, Sindarin “ann”, “anw” (gift) as in names “Yavanna”, “Annatar”
give	throg-	v	NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat)	may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство
gizmo	nîd	n	NL < Quenya “netil”	cheap jewelry, little thing of personal adornment
go shopping	tûz-	v	SV
goods	barg	n	NL < Noldorin “bach”, Gnomish “bagri” < Primitive Elvish “mbakhā” < Etym. “MBAKH” (to exchange); compare with ZA “bakh” of same origin	a thing for trade or exchange
government	durburm	n	NL, see “durb-”	uncountable
grab	rop-	v	NL < all major dialects “rok-” (seize, grasp, grip) < MERP melted with Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (seize, grab, snatch) to avoid confusion with HG “rok” < SV “rock” (rag) and get rid of possible Albanian cognate “rrokje”; resemblance with English “to rob” is accidental or through Primitive Elvish
grant	throg-	v	NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat)	may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство
grasp	rop-	v	NL < all major dialects “rok-” (seize, grasp, grip) < MERP melted with Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (seize, grab, snatch) to avoid confusion with HG “rok” < SV “rock” (rag) and get rid of possible Albanian cognate “rrokje”; resemblance with English “to rob” is accidental or through Primitive Elvish
grip	rop-	v	NL < all major dialects “rok-” (seize, grasp, grip) < MERP melted with Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (seize, grab, snatch) to avoid confusion with HG “rok” < SV “rock” (rag) and get rid of possible Albanian cognate “rrokje”; resemblance with English “to rob” is accidental or through Primitive Elvish
grudge	rark-	v	NL, merging DS (SOW) “rakh” (save) < Neo-Quenya “rehta” < Primitive Elvish root “REK” with Qenya “rara” (scrape, peel)
guard	tud-	v	DS (to watch) < Westron “tud”, “tudnas”, “tunnas” (watch, guard)
hale	thrak-	v	TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Etym. “TUK-” (bring, draw); Hurrian “thar-ik-” (to demand someone to send something)
handle	gazg-	v	NL < MERP “gazog-”	mostly about weapon or tool, implies the subject do it skillfully
have (got)	brus-	v	LOS	used less often than in English and closer to literal meaning or expression “have got”
have victory over	faik-	v	NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish)
hinder	unudh-	v	LOS (only “detain”) < HG	to prevent action temporarily
hoard	folk-	v	LOS (7N), probably from Qenya “foa” (hoard, treasure), “foalóke” (hoard dragon)
hold	fîth-	v	LOS	also military term
hold	unr-	v	LOS, HG; compare with Gnomish “unc” (handle, ear of a jar)	only literally — in hand
home	mokh	n	LOS < HG	uncountable
homeland	mokh	n	LOS < HG	uncountable
hurl	af-	v	LOS
indue	throg-	v	NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat)	may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство
infringe	rogd-	v	NL < Quenya “rohta”	object describing the location should be in Allative case
intrude	rogd-	v	NL < Quenya “rohta”	object describing the location should be in Allative case
intrude	shûkh-	v	NL, merging “(i)shi” (in, into) with “ukh-” (to go) in analogy with Latin word	to move troops in; to enter a territory without allowance or invitation; use with objects in Illative or Allative case
invade	shûkh-	v	NL, merging “(i)shi” (in, into) with “ukh-” (to go) in analogy with Latin word	to move troops in; to enter a territory without allowance or invitation; use with objects in Illative or Allative case
inventory	folkhomb	n	NL, lit. “stock list”; see “folk-”, “homb”	uncountable
junk	hôghûrz	adj	NL, adj. from “hôgh-”
keep	fîth-	v	LOS	also military term
king	arn	n	NL < various elvish “aran”, “âr” as in PN “Aragorn” < Etym. “GHAR”, “GAR” (hold, have, possess)	king of region
king	durbal	n	NL < EL “durub” < TK “durbat” (to rule); Qenya “tára”, “táro”, Noldorin “taur”, “tor-”, “-dor” < Etym. “TÂ”, “TAƷ” (high, loft, noble) + Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery)	high-king of all people, supreme leader
kingdom	arnuzg	n	NL, lit. “king's land”; see “arn”, “uzg”
lack	pon	n	NL < Sindarin, Quenya “pen” (to not have)	uncountable, set noun
land	uzg	n	EL, all major DBS dialects	country, land as ownership
lay hold of	snab-	v	NL < DS PO “snaba-” < Gnomish “nab-” (to take, lay hold of), “nabos” (seizure)	get with some effort; not for translating expression “have got”
leave	rang-	v	DS
levy	mârbh-	v	LOS < HG	заставлять платить налог, дань, подать, штраф
list	homb	n	NL < Neo-Quenya “cómë” (computer file, document) < roots “KOM” (to gather, collect), “KOMO” (ball, roll); compare with NL “hog-” (to meet, gather) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather); compare with Sindarin “mae govannen” (well met) < “cova” (to come together, meet, gather, assemble); compare with Quenya “comya” (to collect), “ócom” (to gather, assemble)
loose	slig-	v	NL < DS “silig-” (to let, release, loose), probably from Etym. “LEK” (loose, let loose, release)
loot	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
lord	goth	n	TK, AO, DBS, LR; abandoned translation of PN “Gothmog” as “Master's voice”, “goth” from PN “Morgoth” but in Orcish it was translated as “Dark Lord”, not as “Black Enemy” in Sindarin	epithetic name of Morgoth and probably also of Sauron later
lord	mâgz	n	NL < Vanyarin Quenya “Máhani” (eight greatest of Valar) < Valarin “mâchanumâz” (authorities); compare with Qenya “makte” (hold, grip, power, possession) < Primitive Elvish “MAHA” (grasp), “MAGH” (handle, manage, control); compare with “mauh” (warrior) and “mak” (many)
lose	bûf-	v	NL < MB, LOS “brûf”, SV & HG “buf”
lose	gumb-	v	HG < SV
lot	barg	n	NL < Noldorin “bach”, Gnomish “bagri” < Primitive Elvish “mbakhā” < Etym. “MBAKH” (to exchange); compare with ZA “bakh” of same origin	a thing for trade or exchange
lot (land property)	lazd	n	NL < Neo-Quenya “latsë” < Qenya “larma” < Etym. “LAT” (lie open)
make gift	throg-	v	NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat)	may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство
master	goth	n	TK, AO, DBS, LR; abandoned translation of PN “Gothmog” as “Master's voice”, “goth” from PN “Morgoth” but in Orcish it was translated as “Dark Lord”, not as “Black Enemy” in Sindarin	epithetic name of Morgoth and probably also of Sauron later
master	mâgz	n	NL < Vanyarin Quenya “Máhani” (eight greatest of Valar) < Valarin “mâchanumâz” (authorities); compare with Qenya “makte” (hold, grip, power, possession) < Primitive Elvish “MAHA” (grasp), “MAGH” (handle, manage, control); compare with “mauh” (warrior) and “mak” (many)
merch	barg	n	NL < Noldorin “bach”, Gnomish “bagri” < Primitive Elvish “mbakhā” < Etym. “MBAKH” (to exchange); compare with ZA “bakh” of same origin	a thing for trade or exchange
merchandise	barg	n	NL < Noldorin “bach”, Gnomish “bagri” < Primitive Elvish “mbakhā” < Etym. “MBAKH” (to exchange); compare with ZA “bakh” of same origin	a thing for trade or exchange
money	draug	n	LOS
motherland	mokh	n	LOS < HG	uncountable
obey	bûrt-	v	NL, merging Noldorin “buia” < Etym. “BEW” (follow, serve) with Qenya “virt” (servant, slave) < Primitive Elvish root “VṚTYṚ” and with SV “obâsh-”	requires object in Dative case
object	kûl	n	HG
obligation	zaugd	n	NL, merging LOS, HG “zaug” (debt) < SV (all 3 dialects have homonyms) with rejected Quenya “rohta”, “luhta” (debt, trespass)
obliterate	shosh-	v	NL < SV “shoshog-” < MERP (to raze)
obtain	brash-	v	SV (ZF)	get without active actions; not for translating expression “have got”, “it's getting …”
occupy	shûkh-	v	NL, merging “(i)shi” (in, into) with “ukh-” (to go) in analogy with Latin word	to move troops in; to enter a territory without allowance or invitation; use with objects in Illative or Allative case
operation	bild	n	NL < rejected Qenya “vilde” (matter, business, affair, thing) < early Primitive Elvish root “VḶÐḶ” (worth, value); also distantly connected with “bal” (might)	mostly plural “affairs”, “actions”, etc.
oppress	mogr-	v	NL < TK “mog” (tyrant, oppressor) < PN “Gothmog” < Etym. “MBAW”
organization	mogshrinkhurm	n	NL, see “mogsh”, “srinkh-”
overcome	faik-	v	NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish)
overthrow	faik-	v	NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish)
overwhelm	faik-	v	NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish)
owing	zaugd	n	NL, merging LOS, HG “zaug” (debt) < SV (all 3 dialects have homonyms) with rejected Quenya “rohta”, “luhta” (debt, trespass)
own	tabz-	v	LOS < SV “tabza” (adj. “own”), literally “his-this”	unlike English “to own” do not necessary mark concepts of private property or inalienable possession for adjective/pronoun “own” use “îmob” (lit. “of self”) instead
pay	bhag-	v	NL < DS “bag-” < Etym. “MBAKH”, “MBAƷ” (AC), Primitive Elvish root “VAKA”	“pay for” – with Accusative, “pay to” – with Dative case
pay	draug	n	LOS
payment	draug	n	LOS
pillage	prauk-	v	NL < SV “plauk” < probably Albanian “plaçkit” or debased English words; NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “raun-”	take other's property by force
plot (of land)	lazd	n	NL < Neo-Quenya “latsë” < Qenya “larma” < Etym. “LAT” (lie open)
plunder	prauk-	v	NL < SV “plauk” < probably Albanian “plaçkit” or debased English words; NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “raun-”	take other's property by force
plunder	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
poor	orz	adj	NL < Qenya “oika”, “oiswa”; coincidental resemblance with LOS “orsk-” (to steal)	about lack of money or any property
possess	tabz-	v	LOS < SV “tabza” (adj. “own”), literally “his-this”	unlike English “to own” do not necessary mark concepts of private property or inalienable possession for adjective/pronoun “own” use “îmob” (lit. “of self”) instead
possession	thaud	n	NL, merging “aud-” and “than” (see articles)	uncountable
present	thrân	n	NL, merging “thrak-”, “throg-” with Quenya “anna”, Sindarin “ann”, “anw” (gift) as in names “Yavanna”, “Annatar”
price	brâgh	n	HG (only “price”); compare with Neo-Sindarin “bauch” < early Noldorin “bog”
profit	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
prohibit	bhaud-	v	NL, merging Sindarin “boda” < Etym. “AB”, ”ABA” (refuse) with NL “bhau” (terrible) and NL “dabh” (allow) written reversed < Etym. “DAB”
property	thaud	n	NL, merging “aud-” and “than” (see articles)	uncountable
purchase	tûz-	v	SV
put money (on)	fadr-	v	NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise)
quell	pûgsh-	v	NL, merging Primitive Elvish stem “PAÝA” (requite, punish, take vengeance, conquer, subdue) with SV, MERP “pushtog-”
racket	mârbh-	v	LOS < HG	заставлять платить налог, дань, подать, штраф
ranking	tingurm	n	NL, see “ting”	uncountable
ransom	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
raze	shosh-	v	NL < SV “shoshog-” < MERP (to raze)
receive	nânt-	v	LOS (LUG); compare with Quenya “nan-” (back again)	get from somebody; not for translating expression “have got”
register	homb	n	NL < Neo-Quenya “cómë” (computer file, document) < roots “KOM” (to gather, collect), “KOMO” (ball, roll); compare with NL “hog-” (to meet, gather) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather); compare with Sindarin “mae govannen” (well met) < “cova” (to come together, meet, gather, assemble); compare with Quenya “comya” (to collect), “ócom” (to gather, assemble)
reject	hôgh-	v	NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-”
release	slig-	v	NL < DS “silig-” (to let, release, loose), probably from Etym. “LEK” (loose, let loose, release)
remove	shosh-	v	NL < SV “shoshog-” < MERP (to raze)
repress	mogr-	v	NL < TK “mog” (tyrant, oppressor) < PN “Gothmog” < Etym. “MBAW”
restrain	unudh-	v	LOS (only “detain”) < HG	to prevent action temporarily
retain	unudh-	v	LOS (only “detain”) < HG	to prevent action temporarily
retard	unudh-	v	LOS (only “detain”) < HG	to prevent action temporarily
retrieve	brash-	v	SV (ZF)	get without active actions; not for translating expression “have got”, “it's getting …”
reward	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
rich	abz	adj	NL, melting LOS “tabz-” (to own, possess) < SV with early Noldorin “awes” (reach) and MERP “pasun” (reach, wealthy) < Albanian “pasur”
rid	bhalt-	v	NL < Gnomish “balt-” (to rid, free)	take away object from another person
rid	slig-	v	NL < DS “silig-” (to let, release, loose), probably from Etym. “LEK” (loose, let loose, release)
right (legal)	forsh	n	NL, merging “forg” (right side) with Gnomish “fath”, “foth” (possession, property, rights)	used with objects in Adessive case (right on) or gerundives (right to)
rights	forsh	n	NL, merging “forg” (right side) with Gnomish “fath”, “foth” (possession, property, rights)	used with objects in Adessive case (right on) or gerundives (right to)
roll	homb	n	NL < Neo-Quenya “cómë” (computer file, document) < roots “KOM” (to gather, collect), “KOMO” (ball, roll); compare with NL “hog-” (to meet, gather) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather); compare with Sindarin “mae govannen” (well met) < “cova” (to come together, meet, gather, assemble); compare with Quenya “comya” (to collect), “ócom” (to gather, assemble)
roster	homb	n	NL < Neo-Quenya “cómë” (computer file, document) < roots “KOM” (to gather, collect), “KOMO” (ball, roll); compare with NL “hog-” (to meet, gather) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather); compare with Sindarin “mae govannen” (well met) < “cova” (to come together, meet, gather, assemble); compare with Quenya “comya” (to collect), “ócom” (to gather, assemble)
rule	durb-	v	TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “tur” (to control, govern, wield) < Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery, victory)
ruler	durbal	n	NL < EL “durub” < TK “durbat” (to rule); Qenya “tára”, “táro”, Noldorin “taur”, “tor-”, “-dor” < Etym. “TÂ”, “TAƷ” (high, loft, noble) + Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery)	high-king of all people, supreme leader
sack	prauk-	v	NL < SV “plauk” < probably Albanian “plaçkit” or debased English words; NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “raun-”	take other's property by force
save (money)	rark-	v	NL, merging DS (SOW) “rakh” (save) < Neo-Quenya “rehta” < Primitive Elvish root “REK” with Qenya “rara” (scrape, peel)
scant	rark-	v	NL, merging DS (SOW) “rakh” (save) < Neo-Quenya “rehta” < Primitive Elvish root “REK” with Qenya “rara” (scrape, peel)
scrape	rark-	v	NL, merging DS (SOW) “rakh” (save) < Neo-Quenya “rehta” < Primitive Elvish root “REK” with Qenya “rara” (scrape, peel)
scrimp	rark-	v	NL, merging DS (SOW) “rakh” (save) < Neo-Quenya “rehta” < Primitive Elvish root “REK” with Qenya “rara” (scrape, peel)
seek out	gimb-	v	TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “hir-”; ? Quenya “tuv-”; ? Hurrian “ki(b)-” (take, gather)
seize	rop-	v	NL < all major dialects “rok-” (seize, grasp, grip) < MERP melted with Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (seize, grab, snatch) to avoid confusion with HG “rok” < SV “rock” (rag) and get rid of possible Albanian cognate “rrokje”; resemblance with English “to rob” is accidental or through Primitive Elvish
seize	snab-	v	NL < DS PO “snaba-” < Gnomish “nab-” (to take, lay hold of), “nabos” (seizure)	get with some effort; not for translating expression “have got”
sell	draug-	v	LOS, see “draug” (n)
servant	snaga	n	TK, DBS, WJ, PN, a name of many orcs; ? Etym. “SNAR” (tie); ? Noldorin “mâgâ” < Etym. “SMAG” (soil, stain)	may refer to orcs of breed lesser than uruk, or to lowest rank in orcish hierarchy
serve	bûrt-	v	NL, merging Noldorin “buia” < Etym. “BEW” (follow, serve) with Qenya “virt” (servant, slave) < Primitive Elvish root “VṚTYṚ” and with SV “obâsh-”	requires object in Dative case
shortage	pon	n	NL < Sindarin, Quenya “pen” (to not have)	uncountable, set noun
skimp	rark-	v	NL, merging DS (SOW) “rakh” (save) < Neo-Quenya “rehta” < Primitive Elvish root “REK” with Qenya “rara” (scrape, peel)
slave	snaga	n	TK, DBS, WJ, PN, a name of many orcs; ? Etym. “SNAR” (tie); ? Noldorin “mâgâ” < Etym. “SMAG” (soil, stain)	may refer to orcs of breed lesser than uruk, or to lowest rank in orcish hierarchy
spare	rark-	v	NL, merging DS (SOW) “rakh” (save) < Neo-Quenya “rehta” < Primitive Elvish root “REK” with Qenya “rara” (scrape, peel)
spoil	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
stash	shkalamb	n	NL, lit. “hiding chamber”; see “shkal-”, “amb”
steal	orsk-	v	LOS
stint	rark-	v	NL, merging DS (SOW) “rakh” (save) < Neo-Quenya “rehta” < Primitive Elvish root “REK” with Qenya “rara” (scrape, peel)
stock	folk-	v	LOS (7N), probably from Qenya “foa” (hoard, treasure), “foalóke” (hoard dragon)
store	folk-	v	LOS (7N), probably from Qenya “foa” (hoard, treasure), “foalóke” (hoard dragon)
subdue	pûgsh-	v	NL, merging Primitive Elvish stem “PAÝA” (requite, punish, take vengeance, conquer, subdue) with SV, MERP “pushtog-”
subjugate	norg-	v	NL < Qenya “norka” (slave, thrall, servant) < Primitive Elvish “norokā́” merged with LOS “nork-” (to take)
subjugate	pûgsh-	v	NL, merging Primitive Elvish stem “PAÝA” (requite, punish, take vengeance, conquer, subdue) with SV, MERP “pushtog-”
swag	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
system	mogshrinkhurm	n	NL, see “mogsh”, “srinkh-”
take	nork-	v	LOS
take	snab-	v	NL < DS PO “snaba-” < Gnomish “nab-” (to take, lay hold of), “nabos” (seizure)	get with some effort; not for translating expression “have got”
take away	bhalt-	v	NL < Gnomish “balt-” (to rid, free)	take away object from another person
tame	pûgsh-	v	NL, merging Primitive Elvish stem “PAÝA” (requite, punish, take vengeance, conquer, subdue) with SV, MERP “pushtog-”
thing	bild	n	NL < rejected Qenya “vilde” (matter, business, affair, thing) < early Primitive Elvish root “VḶÐḶ” (worth, value); also distantly connected with “bal” (might)	mostly plural “affairs”, “actions”, etc.
thing	kûl	n	HG
thrall	snaga	n	TK, DBS, WJ, PN, a name of many orcs; ? Etym. “SNAR” (tie); ? Noldorin “mâgâ” < Etym. “SMAG” (soil, stain)	may refer to orcs of breed lesser than uruk, or to lowest rank in orcish hierarchy
throw	af-	v	LOS
throw (away)	hôgh-	v	NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-”
throw-out	hôghûrz	adj	NL, adj. from “hôgh-”
tie	krimp-	v	TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “remba” (to net, entrap)
toss	af-	v	LOS
trade	kurb-	v	NL, merging LOS “quûr-” (to trade), “quûrub” (trade) with Qenya “qapa” (swap, barter, chaffer, bargain), “qapta” (to exchange)
trade	tûz-	v	SV
treasure	mirn	n	NL, merging Quenya “maina”, Sindarin “maen” (treasure) with Quenya “mírë”, Sindarin “mîr” (jewel, precious thing, treasure)
trespass	rogd-	v	NL < Quenya “rohta”	object describing the location should be in Allative case
tribute	throg-	v	NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat)	may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство
tribute	thrân	n	NL, merging “thrak-”, “throg-” with Quenya “anna”, Sindarin “ann”, “anw” (gift) as in names “Yavanna”, “Annatar”
trinket	nîd	n	NL < Quenya “netil”	cheap jewelry, little thing of personal adornment
trophy	raun	n	NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-”	uncountable
unnecessary	hôghûrz	adj	NL, adj. from “hôgh-”
use	gazg-	v	NL < MERP “gazog-”	mostly about weapon or tool, implies the subject do it skillfully
vanquish	faik-	v	NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish)
violate	rogd-	v	NL < Quenya “rohta”	object describing the location should be in Allative case
wager	fadr-	v	NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise)
want	pon	n	NL < Sindarin, Quenya “pen” (to not have)	uncountable, set noun
ward	tud-	v	DS (to watch) < Westron “tud”, “tudnas”, “tunnas” (watch, guard)
ware	barg	n	NL < Noldorin “bach”, Gnomish “bagri” < Primitive Elvish “mbakhā” < Etym. “MBAKH” (to exchange); compare with ZA “bakh” of same origin	a thing for trade or exchange
watch (over)	tud-	v	DS (to watch) < Westron “tud”, “tudnas”, “tunnas” (watch, guard)
wealthy	abz	adj	NL, melting LOS “tabz-” (to own, possess) < SV with early Noldorin “awes” (reach) and MERP “pasun” (reach, wealthy) < Albanian “pasur”
widget	nîd	n	NL < Quenya “netil”	cheap jewelry, little thing of personal adornment
wield	gazg-	v	NL < MERP “gazog-”	mostly about weapon or tool, implies the subject do it skillfully
win	faik-	v	NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish)
wipe out	shosh-	v	NL < SV “shoshog-” < MERP (to raze)
withdraw	bhalt-	v	NL < Gnomish “balt-” (to rid, free)	take away object from another person
yield	bûrt-	v	NL, merging Noldorin “buia” < Etym. “BEW” (follow, serve) with Qenya “virt” (servant, slave) < Primitive Elvish root “VṚTYṚ” and with SV “obâsh-”	requires object in Dative case
yield	throg-	v	NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat)	may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство

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Wordlist: Ownership

Nûrlâm –
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