====== Tolkien's word list ======
The table below contains all stems and suffixes of Black Speech ([[abbreviations#linguistics|CBS]]) and Orcish dialects (DBS, [[angband_orcish|AO]]) found in J.R.R. Tolkien's works. It is sorted in alphabetical order by Black Speech roots. 
Main sources are:
  * [[ring-verse|Ring inscription]] (RI)
  * [[orcish_curse|Orc curse]] (OC)
  * [[personal_names|Personal names]] (PN)
  * assorted words found in LOTR (specially Appendix F) and drafts included into "The History of Middle-Earth"

Articles about sources also provide additional etymology information.
Some of stems have unknown meaning but reserved for future extrapolation. Undoubtful words are marked **bold** (not all attested Black Speech roots have clear meaning). While many names of orcs and other evil creatures usually considered Sindarin, other [[elven_languages|Elvish]] or Mannish languages, their form is not exactly the same. In example "Balrog" should be "Baulraug" in standard Sindarin while "bal" and "rog" are treated as special forms for compound words. But in [[Nûrlâm]] dialect it's supposed that such words were corrupted by orcs thus becoming Debased Black Speech from which they return back to Elvish tongues. Another example to prove this theory is Classical Black Speech word "Nazgûl" containing Sindarin root "gûl" (//necromancy// or //dark magic// as in Dol Guldur and Minas Morgûl) though with different but related translation ("wraith").

^ Word ^ Language ^ Source ^ Meaning ^
| **agh** | CBS | LOTR (RI) | **and** |
| **ash** | CBS | LOTR (RI) | **one** |  
| **-at** | CBS | LOTR (RI) | **(infinitive/participle/gerund suffix)** |  
| **Azog** | DBS | TH (PN) | ? |
| **bag** | DBS | LOTR (OC & PN) | 1) torture (PE)\\ 2) dung (VT)\\ 3) cess (PM) |
| bal | CBS((more like Sindarin)) | many | (divine) power, **might** |
| **bol** | AO | HOME 3 (PN) | **torment** (LR), cruel |
| **Bolg** | DBS | TH (PN) | stong?\\ (either shortened form of name //Bol-dog// or //strong//((The History of Hobbit))) |
| **bûb**((spelling normalized)) | DBS | LOTR (OC) | 1) dung, muck (PE) \\ 2) pig (VT) |
| **bûb-hosh**((spelling normalized)) | DBS | LOTR (OC) | great (PM) |
| //bug//((//Radbug// may be split as //radb-// + //-ug// or //rad// + //bug//)) | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ? |
| **bûrz**((spelling normalized)) | DBS | LOTR (PN) | **dark** |
| **burzum** | CBS | LOTR (RI) | **the darkness** | 
| **dog** | AO | HOME 3 (PN) | **slayer** (LR), warrior |
| //duf// | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ?\\ gloomy (NL) |
| //dug// | DBS | LOTR (OC) | filth (NL) |
| **durb-** | CBS | LOTR (RI) | **rule, constrain, force, dominate** |  
| **dush** | DBS | WJ, WR, SD (PN) | (dark) sorcery (AA) |
| gaz | DBS | WR (PN) | ? |
| **gash** | DBS | LOTR (PN) | **fire** |
| **Ghash** | DBS | SD (PN) | **fire** |
| **ghâsh** | DBS, CBS? | LOTR | **fire** |
| **gimb-** | CBS | LOTR (RI) | **find, seek out, discover** | 
| **glob** | DBS | LOTR (OC) | 1) filth (PE, VT),\\ 2) foul (PE),\\ 3) fool (PM) |
| **goi** | DBS | WJ, WR, SD (PN) | city, town with citadel or central watch tower (AA) |
| **gol** | DBS | HOME 3 (PN) | ? |
| **golug** | AO | UT | **Noldo elf** |
| **gor** | AO, DBS((so possibly a CBS word too)) | LOTR and HOME 3 (PN) | violence, impetus, haste, vigor (LR) |
| //gorb//((//Gorbag// may be split as //gor-// + //-bag// or //gorb-// + //-ag//)) | DBS | LOTR (PN) | choose (EH) |
| //gorg//((//Gorgol// may be split as //gor-// + //-gol// or //gorg-// + //-ol//)) | AO | HOME 3 (PN) | butcher |
| goth [1] | CBS((more like Sindarin)) | LOTR, WR, Silm. (PN) | 1) war, strife, warrior (BOLT II, Gnomish)\\ 2) dread, terror (LR)\\ 3) enemy (Sindarin) |
| goth [2] | AO | LR (The List of Names) | lord, master < Sindarin name "Morgoth" |
| //grat//((//Shagrat// may be split as //shagr-// + //-at// or //sha// + //grat// or //shag// + //rat//)) | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ? |
| grish | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ?\\ cut (NL) |
| **gûl** | CBS | many, PN | **wraith** |
| **-hai** | AO, CBS, DBS | many | **folk, people** |
| horn | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ? |
| **hosh** | DBS | OC | 1) heap (PE)\\ 2) guts (VT) | 
| hûr((spelling normalized)) | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ?\\ vigourous, fiery (NL) |
| **ishi** | CBS | LOTR (RI) | 1) **in, inside**\\ 2) within (NL, SV)\\ 3) into, inwards (NL) | 
| //kha(m)// | DBS((probably some mannish language)) | UT (PN) | ? |
| **krimp-** | CBS | LOTR (RI) | **bind, tie** |
| **kû** | DBS | LOTR (PN) | old? |
| lag | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ?\\ sword (NL) |  
| **lug**((once spelled also as //Lûg//)) [1] | AO((more like Gnomish word)) | BOLT (PN) | **snake** |
| **lug** [2] | DBS | LOTR (PN) | **tower, fortress, lock-up, prison** |
| //lûk//((//Uglûk// may be split as //ugl-// + //-ûk// or //ug// + //lûk//)) ((spelling normalized)) | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ? |
| lûn | DBS | WR (PN) | ?\\ 1) pale\\ 2) blue |
| //mau//((may be also //mauh//)) | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ?\\ warrior (LOS, NL) |
| mog [1] | CBS((more like Sindarin)) | LOTR, WR, Silm. (PN) | 1) hate, hateful, hatred (BOLT II, Gnomish)\\ 2) oppressor, tyrant (LR) |
| mog [2] | AO | LR (The List of Names) | voice |
| mor | AO | LR (The List of Names) | black, dark < Sindarin name "Morgoth" |
| //mûl// | DBS((probably some mannish language)) | UT (PN) | ?\\ way (LOS) |
| //muz//((may be also //muzg//)) | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ? |
| nâkh((spelling normalized)) | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ? |
| **nazg** | CBS | LOTR (RI) | **(finger-ring)** |
| Nûzu | DBS | WR (PN) | ? |
| **oghor** | AO | UT | **Drúedain** |
| **olog** | CBS | LOTR | **troll** |
| oth | AO | BOLT, UT (PN) | ? |
| //push// | DBS | LOTR (OC) | excrement (LOS), dung (NL) |
| //pushd-// | DBS | LOTR (OC) | stink (AA) |
| //rad//((//Radbug// may be split as //radb-// + //-ug// or //rad// + //bug//)) | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ? |
| //radb//((//Radbug// may be split as //radb-// + //-ug// or //rad// + //bug//)) | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ? |
| //rat//((//Shagrat// may be split as //shagr-// + //-at// or //sha// + //grat// or //shag// + //rat//)) | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ? |
| rod | AO | BOLT, UT (PN) | ?\\ mountain (NL) |
| **rog** | CBS((probably Sindarin)) | many | **demon** |
| **ronk** | DBS | LOTR (OC) | 1) chamber (PE) \\ 2) pit (VT)\\ 3) pool (PM) |
| **sha** | DBS | LOTR (OC) | 1) **with** (PE, VT)\\ 2) //(not translatable interjection)// (PM) |
| //shag//((//Shagrat// may be split as //shagr-// + //-at// or //sha// + //grat// or //shag// + //rat//)) | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ? |
| //shagr-//((//Shagrat// may be split as //shagr-// + //-at// or //sha// + //grat// or //shag// + //rat//)) | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ? |
| shar((//Sharkû// may be split as //shar// + //kû// or //shark// + //kû// or //shara// + //kû//)) | DBS | LOTR (PN) | man? |
| shark((//Sharkû// may be split as //shar// + //kû// or //shark// + //kû// or //shara// + //kû//)) | DBS | LOTR (PN) | man? |
| **skai** | DBS | LOTR (OC) | //(not translatable interjection)// |
| **snaga** | DBS | LOTR (PN) | **servant, slave**, an orc of lesser breeds |
| **tark** | DBS | LOTR | **men of Númenór** |
| thak | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ?\\ face (LOS) |
| **thrak-** | CBS | LOTR (RI) | **bring (by force), hale, drag** | 
| **u** | DBS | LOTR (OC) | **to** | 
| uf | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ?\\ horrible, hideous (NL)\\ scary (LOS) |
| //-ug// | DBS | LOTR (OC) | //English Participle I suffix (-ing)// (AA) |
| //ug//((//Uglûk// may be split as //ugl-// + //-ûk// or //ug// + //lûk//)) | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ? |
| //ugl//((//Uglûk// may be split as //ugl-// + //-ûk// or //ug// + //lûk//)) | DBS | LOTR (PN) | ? |
| **-ûk** | CBS | LOTR (RI) | **all, completely, totally, fully** | 
| **-ul** | CBS | LOTR (RI) | **them** |  
| **-um** | CBS | LOTR (RI) | (**particularizing suffix or 'article'**), //(abstract noun suffix)//, -ness, |
| **uruk** | CBS | LOTR | **orc** |
| //yag//((//Yagûl// may be split as //ya// + //gûl// or //yag// + //gûl//)) | DBS | SD, WR (PN) | ? |
| zag | DBS | WR (PN) | ? |

The Lord of The Rings, The Two Towers, Book 4, Chapter X "The Choices of Master Samwise" contains also untranslated exclamations "nar" and "garn", which become used in Neo-Black Speech with meanings "No" and "Come on!" respectively.