Lessons
• Introduction
• Lesson I – Background information
• Lesson II – Black Speech Sounds and Pronunciation
• Lesson III – Nouns
• Lesson IV – Verbs: Infinitive and Present Tense
• Lesson V – Verbs: Future Tense
• Lesson VI – Adjectives and Word Order
• Lesson VII – Pre- and Postpositions, Noun Cases, Phrase Verbs
• Lesson VIII – Verbs: Past Tense
• Lesson IX – Numbers
• Lesson X – Pronouns and Commands (Imperatives)
• Lesson I – Background information
• Lesson II – Black Speech Sounds and Pronunciation
• Lesson III – Nouns
• Lesson IV – Verbs: Infinitive and Present Tense
• Lesson V – Verbs: Future Tense
• Lesson VI – Adjectives and Word Order
• Lesson VII – Pre- and Postpositions, Noun Cases, Phrase Verbs
• Lesson VIII – Verbs: Past Tense
• Lesson IX – Numbers
• Lesson X – Pronouns and Commands (Imperatives)
• * Lesson XI – Adverbs, Gerund
• * Lesson XII – Comparisons
• * Lesson XIII – Suffix Order and Indirect Objects
• * Lesson XIV – Questions
• * Lesson XV – Participles and Passive Voice
• * Lesson XVI – Conditional and Subjunctive Moods
• Appendix A: Prefixes and Suffixes
• Appendix B: Grammar quick overview
• Appendix C: Measures, Directions, Army Ranks
• Appendix D: List Of Abbreviations
• Appendix E: Canonical Tolkien's Black Speech
• * Lesson XII – Comparisons
• * Lesson XIII – Suffix Order and Indirect Objects
• * Lesson XIV – Questions
• * Lesson XV – Participles and Passive Voice
• * Lesson XVI – Conditional and Subjunctive Moods
• Appendix A: Prefixes and Suffixes
• Appendix B: Grammar quick overview
• Appendix C: Measures, Directions, Army Ranks
• Appendix D: List Of Abbreviations
• Appendix E: Canonical Tolkien's Black Speech
Appendix A: Prefixes and Suffixes
This is not full list of suffixes. Some prepositions are missed here. Examples will be found in square brackets [ ]
Prefixes
a- | 1. prefixed to an interrogative makes it into a relative (EL)
[mal = where?, amal = where (as in, where the shadows lie)]
2. third person pronoun prefix (RE) [azagh = he of the mountain pass; agondor = he of Gondor]
|
im- | self- (UNF) [imskûtum = self-defense] |
mar- | prefixed to verbs in questions (LUG) |
nar- | negation, non-, un- |
nâr- | anti-, un- (ULK) |
Suffixes
-ag | passive verb suffix UNF < HORN “âk” [uruk azaguzat = orc was killed] |
-aga | indefinite passive participle UNF < AA [akraga = being drunk] |
-al | occupation(like English -er) [hoitat = to hunt, hoital = hunter; zâgîrat = to joke, zâgîral = joker, jester] SV |
more (comparative ending) [gothûrzar snû = more powerful than] | |
-arz | common Black Speech adverb ending LOS |
-as | across (prep) LOS |
-at | 1. verb infinitive TK [gimbat = to find]
2. third person singular verb ending
|
-atâr | able, knowing; similar to -al suffix [dûshatâr = wizard, mage; from dush – magic] SV |
-az | most (comparative ending) [gothûrzaz = most powerful] LOS |
-âzh | partially, incompletely UNF |
-bo | off (preposition) [kulat-bo = to be off] |
-dhog | near, next to [Orodruin-dhog, = near Orodruin.] |
-dur | arch- (lit. “big/head of”) [dûshatârdur = archimage] ULK |
-ghâra | from (case suffix) LOS [Mordor-ghâra = from Mordor] |
-hai | people of TK (BS and AO) [urûk-hai = the urûk-people] |
-irzi | by (case suffix) LOS |
-ishi | in (preposition) TK [Mordor-ishi = in Mordor] |
-izg | I or me (used as a suffix, not as a 1st person singular pronoun) [kul-izg = I am] |
-lob | feminine word ending [Shelob] – deprecated |
-ob | of (preposition/case suffix) EL [Mordor-ob = of Mordor] |
-og | profession or occupation as -al but with superative meaning ULK (< TK Azog = Killer) [gashnog = linguist, compare with gashnal = talker] |
-or | at (preposition) LOS [Orthanc-or = at Orthanc] |
-ri agh | between (preposition) LOS [Rohan-ri agh Gondor-ri = between Rohan and Gondor] |
-shi | at (time) case suffix LOS [bûrz-shi = at night] |
-thu | beyond (preposition) LOS [Minas Morgul-thu = beyond Minas Morgul] |
-tuk | through (preposition) LOS [Ru-tuk, through the hall] |
-u | 1. Noun plural after consonant LL [Nazgu = rings]
**note that the words for peoples, like uruk, ilid, Nazgul, gazat, etc.,
do not have plurals.
2. to (preposition) [Mordor-u = “to Mordor”; but note that “u bagronk”,
meaning “to the cesspool” is poor orkish grammar in DBS.
3. Dative case suffix (The Second Nazgul)
|
-ub | verb future tense suffix AN [gimbub = will find, gimbubut = they will find] |
-ufa | perfect passive participle UNF < HORN [akrufa = having been drunk] |
-ug | present active participle EL [azug = killing] |
-uga | past participle (participle II) EL [azuga = killed] |
-ugum | gerund, forming noun from verbs, process UNF [Brogb-izg akugum = I like cutting] |
-ugz | perfect active participle UNF [uruk azugz golug = orc having killed an elf] |
-ûk | all, completely, collective plural TK [thrakatulûk = to bring them all] |
-ul | them TK [gimbatul = to find them] |
-um | common noun forming suffix (mostly abstract) TK, LL [burzum = darkness, nâkhum = greediness] |
-ûr | for (case suffix) EL [durub-ûr = for the ruler.] |
-ûrz | a common BS adjective-forming suffix EL [matûrz = mortal] |
-ûrzum | forming abstract noun meaning characteristic, attribute or property UNF [ufûrzum = fearfulness] |
-ut | third person plural verb ending [gimbut = they find, gimbubut = they will find] EL |
-uz | verb past tense suffix LOS [gimbuz = found, gimbuzat = he found] |
-z | noun plural after vowel. EL [goi = city, goiz = cities] |
-zan | in the name of [Morgoth-zan = in the name of Morgoth] |
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